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Nervous System
Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Regulation involves __________ and ______________. | Coordination and control. |
| Two systems involved in regulation. | Nervous and endocrine system. |
| Receptors/Sense Organs. | Specialized structures that are sensitive to certain changes, physical forces, or chemicals in the internal or external environment. |
| Messages. | Impulses. |
| Stimulus. | Any factor that causes a receptor to trigger impulses in a nerve pathway. |
| Effectors. | Organs that produce response to stimuli, can be a muscle or gland. |
| Response. | Any change in or action by an organism resulting from a stimulus. |
| Pathway of a nerve response. (Eight steps) | 1. Stimulus 2. Receptor 3. Impulse 4. Sensory neuron 5. Interneuron 6. Motor neuron 7. Effector 8. Response |
| What do examples of responses include? | A muscle contracting or relaxing, a gland increasing or decreasing. |
| What do neurons/nerve cells assist with? | Cell to cell communication. |
| Functional unit of the nervous system. | Neurons. |
| What is the function of the neuron? | They specialize in the transmission of impulses. |
| LABEL NEURON | ER MY GURD :D |
| Dendrites. | Short, highly branched fibers that are specialized for receiving impulses. |
| Cyton/Cell body. | Contains the nucleus and most of the cytoplasmic organelles. |
| Axon. | A long, fiber that extends from the cell body. |
| Terminal branches. | Found at the end of the axon that transmits impulses to dendrites of other neurons. |
| Synapse. | The junction between the adjacent neurons, the gap or space. |
| Neurotransmitters. | Chemicals secreted into the synaptic gap by the end of a terminal branch to help transmit the message. |
| Examples of neurotransmitters. | Acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin. |
| True or False: Neurotransmitters bind to a specific target cell receptor molecules to an adjacent neuron with a specific shape. | True. |
| What makes the transmission of a nerve impulse possible? | The difference in electrical charge between the outer and inner surfaces of the nerve cell membrane. |
| Sodium potassium pump. | An active transport mechanism that pumps sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the nerve cells. |
| Sensory neurons. | Carry impulses from receptors toward the spinal chord and brain. |
| Interneuron/Associative neuron. | Replay impulses from one neuron to another in the brain and spinal chord. |
| Brain. | A specialized group of nerve cells that control and coordinate the activities of the nerve system. |
| The ______________ and __________ ___________ make up the central nervous system. | Brain, spinal chord. |
| Cerebrum. | Largest part of the brain, sensory area (for five senses), motor area (voluntary movement), and associative area (memory, thinking). |
| LABEL BRAIN | cool beans |
| Cerebellum. | Coordinates and controls voluntary movements, such as balance and muscle tone. |
| Medulla. | Controls heartbeat, breathing, involuntary activities, and peristalsis. |
| Spinal chord. | The large nerve connected to the brain, controls reflexes and contains cerebrospinal fluid. |
| Reflex. | An involuntary automatic response to a given stimulus. |
| Reflex arc. | The pathway over which the nerve impulse travels in a reflex. |
Created by:
emarciante9
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