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Bio Ch6 eukaryotes

Preperation for Midterm #2

QuestionAnswer
Eukaryotic Cells - Animal 1. Nucleus (nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin) 2. Endomembrane System (nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cell membrane, lysosomes, vesicles) 3. Mitochondria (mitochondrion) 4. Peroxisomes 5. Ribosomes 6. Cytoskeleton
Eukaryotic Cells- Animal 7. Centrosome with centrioles 8. Projections: flagella, microvilli, cilia 9. Extracellular: ECM, intercellular junctions
Eukaryotic Cells - Plant 1. Nucleus (nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin) 2. Endomembrane System (nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cell membrane, vesicles, central vacuole) 3. Mitochondria (mitochondrion) 4. Chloroplasts
Eukaryotic Cells - Plant 5. Peroxisomes 6. Ribosomes 7. Cytoskeleton (microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments) 8. Extracellular: cell wall, intercellular junctions
Nucleus -surrounded by nuclear envelope -double membrane-bound -two phospholipid bilayers -contains -chromatin (DNA + proteins) -nucleolus (ribosome synthesis)
Nuclear envelope double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores; continuous with ER -pores: regulatesw the entry and exit of most proteins and RNA's, as well as large complexes of macromolecules -seperates conents from the cytoplasm
Nucleolus structure involved in production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli
chromatin material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structure 1. Membranous network -cisternae -lumen (cisternal space) 2. Continuous with nuclear envelope 3. Rough (RER) - ribosomes attached 4. Smooth (SER) - lacks ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions 1. Site of protein synthesis -ribosomes attached -targeted proteins -secreted -organelle -membrane-bound 2. Protein modifications -glycosylation 3. Membrane synthesis
Golgi Apparatus structure 1. Stacks of membranous, flattened sacs -cisternae -lumen 2. Interaction with ER via vesicles
Golgi Apparatus functions 1. Shipping/receiving/sorting of proteins from ER to final destination 2. Protein modifications 3. Polysaccharide synthesis
lysosome digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolized
vesicles sacs made of membrane that transfer membrane segments within the endomembrane system
mitochondrion organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated
peroxisome organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product, then converts it to water
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum functions 1. Site of protein synthesis -ribosomes attached -targeted proteins -secreted -organelle -membrane-bound 2. Protein modifications -glycosylation 3. Membrane synthesis
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Functions: 1. Metabolic processes -lipid/sterol synthesis -carbohydrate metabolism -detoxification -drugs, poisons 2. Intracellular signaling -stores Ca++
lysosomes (animal cells)
Created by: blizz.zenz
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