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Kinetics - a
Capstones
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reducing of particle size of a solid by using a vehicle in which it is insoluble in order to make a smoooth dispersion | Levigation |
| Compounding an ointment in which the ointment componenets are melted together and allowed to cool with constanst stirring | Fusion |
| Using a patula to blend componenets of a mixtures (ususally solids or semil-solids) | Spaulation |
| Mixing technique used when one component of the mixture is much smaller in amount than the other | Geometric Dilution |
| Reducing particle size by rubbing in a mortar and pestle | Trituration |
| Particle size reduction with the aid of another material that is easily removed (i.e solvent that evaporates) | Pulverization by Intervention |
| Substances that readily absorb atmospheric moisture | Hygroscopic |
| Tablet excipients = provide the bulk necessary to make tablets of the desired size (inert substances) | Diluents |
| Tablet excipients = provide cohesiveness to the formulation | Binders |
| Tablet excipients = Prevent adhesion of powder to surface of punch and die; reduce particle friction | Lubricant |
| Tablet excipients = Facilitate the breaking apart prior dissolution | Disintegrants |
| Tablet excipients = Protect the drug from destruction by gastric acid | Enteric coats |
| Capsule size | 000 (largest) to 5 (smallest). Don't require disintegration step prior to dissolution |
| Suppository base= Fatty/Oleaginous (cocoa butter, Fattibase) | Best for water-soluble drugs b/c the base will easily release the drug |
| Suppository base= Water-soluble/Water-miscible (PEG, Glycerinate, Gelatin) | Better for Fat soluble drug |
| Suspension= particles loosely associate to form floccules, but is easily resuspendable | Flocculated Suspension |
| Suspension= has small particle size, settle slowly, but when they do settle, they form a cake that is very difficult to resuspend | Suspensin using Stoke's Law |
| Suspension = vehicle that is "shear-thinning" | Vehicle has a high viscosity |
| Emulsion = oil droplets are dispersed as the internal phase in water | o/w |
| Emulsion = water droplets are dispersed as the internal phase in oil | w/o |
| Ointment bases = Hydrocarbon/Oleaginous | Emollient. Protect agasint espcae of moisture (Petrolatum, white petrolatum, yellow ointment, white ointment) |
| Ointment bases = Absorption Bases | Emollient. Difficult to wash off skin (w/o). Use as adjunct to aqueous solution into hydrocarbon sase. Hydrophilic petrolatum, hydrous lanolin, Aquaphor |
| Ointment bases = Water removable | o/w emulsions. Resemble creams in appearance. Hydrophilic ointment |
| Sustained Release Form = Reservor | Drug release thru polymeric membrane (Nitro-Bid, Ntrospan) |
| Sustained Release Form = Matrix devices | Rate of release depends on porosity and tortuosity (Procan SR, MicroK, Gradumet Tabs) |
| Sustained Release Form = Dissolution Systems | slow dissolution rate that it approaches a zero-order release (Extentabs, Dospan, Repetabs, Sequels) |
| Sustained Release Form = Osmotic Systems | Drugs core is surrounded by semipermeable membrane, water comes into tablet and drug in solution is released (OROS system, GITS system) |
| Sustained Release Form = Ion-Exchange Resins (only for solids or liquids) | Ions in the GI fluid exchange themselves on the resin for the drug; resulting in a slow a release of drug (PennKinetic System = Tossionex caps and suspension, Ionamin) |
| Ointment base = Petrolatum | Hydrocarbon/Oleaginous |
| Ointment base = White Petrolatum | Hydrocarbon/Oleaginous |
| Ointment base = Yellow ointment | Hydrocarbon/Oleaginous |
| Ointment base = White ointment | Hydrocarbon/Oleaginous |
| Ointment base = Hydrophilic petrolatum | Absorption base |
| Ointment base = Hydrous lanolin | Absorption base |
| Ointment base = Aquaphor | Absorption base (can absorb up to 3x its weight in water) |
| Ointment base = Hydrophilic ointment | Water removeable |
| Ointment base = PEG | Water soluble |
| Properties of Weak Acids | More soluble and ionized at higher pH. More absorbed at lower pH |
| Properties of Weak Bases | More soluble and ionized at lower pH. More absorbed at higher pH |
| Insulin = Suspension of cyrstalline zinc insulin | Ultra Lente (Long acting) |
| Insulin = Suspension of zinc insulin crystals and protamine sulfate | NPH (Intermediate) |
| Insulin = Suspension of mixture zinc insulin crystal and amorphous zinc insulin | Lente (Inter mediatate) |
| Insulin = Suspension of amorphous zinc insulin | Semi-Lente (Rapid acting) |
| Insultin = solution | Regular (rapid) |
| Insuln Analogs | Lispro(Humalog) and Glargin (Lantus - LA) = cannont be diluted or mixed with other insulin |
Created by:
_Tom_
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