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Chapter 3
Organic Molecules
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the organic molecule made of C, H, O with a 2:1 ratio of H:O | carbohydrate |
| the smallest part of a carbohydrate | simple sugar |
| another name for simple sugar | monosaccharide |
| an example of a simple sugar | glucose |
| starch | complex carbohydrate or polysaccharide |
| glycogen | animal starch |
| cellulose | plant starch; cell wall is made of this |
| shape of a carbohydrate | ring |
| the organic molecule that is made of C, H, and O with no 2:1 ratio | lipid |
| smallest part of a lipid | fatty acid |
| shape of a lipid | E |
| function of a carbohydrate | quick energy & cell structure |
| function of a lipid | energy storage (fat), insulation |
| simple lipid | glycerol, fatty acid |
| complex lipid | wax |
| organic molecule that is made of C, H, O and N | protein |
| function of protein | structure, energy |
| shape of protein | dead man |
| the smallest part of a protein | amino acids or peptides |
| proteins end in | -in |
| examples of proteins | polypeptides, insulin, hemoglobin, enzymes |
| organic compound that has C, H, O, N, P | nucleic acids |
| smallest part of a nucleic acid | nucleotides |
| shape of a nucleotide | house, navigator, pay per view |
| functions of nucleic acids | heredity, protein, energy |
| examples of nucleic acids | DNA, RNA, ATP |
| shape of DNA | double helix; twisted ladder |
| DNA nitrogen bases | A, T, C, G |
| A bonds to (in DNA) | T |
| C bonds to | G |
| sugar for DNA | deoxyribose |
| shape of RNA | single strand |
| RNA nitrogen bases | A, U, C, G |
| sugar for RNA | ribose |
| A bonds to (in RNA) | U |
| function of RNA | make protein |
| function of DNA | controls cellular activity; hereditary information |
| ATP | energy made and used by the body |
| ATP is made in the | mitochondria |
| Enzymes | protein; biological catalyst that controls the speed of reactions |
| substrate | what the enzyme works on (breaks apart) |
| active site | the opening of the enzyme where the substrate fits |
| enzyme substrate complex | enzyme and substrate together |
| lock and key theory | the enzyme will only work on one type of substrate; they are substrate specific |
| products | broken pieces of the substrate |
| denature | the active site changes if too warm or pH is too high |
| 3 things that affect an enzyme | temperature, pH, concentration |
| optimum | the best temperature, pH or concentration; where the enzyme works the best |
Created by:
cindy.martin
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