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Chapter 3
Organic Molecules
Question | Answer |
---|---|
the organic molecule made of C, H, O with a 2:1 ratio of H:O | carbohydrate |
the smallest part of a carbohydrate | simple sugar |
another name for simple sugar | monosaccharide |
an example of a simple sugar | glucose |
starch | complex carbohydrate or polysaccharide |
glycogen | animal starch |
cellulose | plant starch; cell wall is made of this |
shape of a carbohydrate | ring |
the organic molecule that is made of C, H, and O with no 2:1 ratio | lipid |
smallest part of a lipid | fatty acid |
shape of a lipid | E |
function of a carbohydrate | quick energy & cell structure |
function of a lipid | energy storage (fat), insulation |
simple lipid | glycerol, fatty acid |
complex lipid | wax |
organic molecule that is made of C, H, O and N | protein |
function of protein | structure, energy |
shape of protein | dead man |
the smallest part of a protein | amino acids or peptides |
proteins end in | -in |
examples of proteins | polypeptides, insulin, hemoglobin, enzymes |
organic compound that has C, H, O, N, P | nucleic acids |
smallest part of a nucleic acid | nucleotides |
shape of a nucleotide | house, navigator, pay per view |
functions of nucleic acids | heredity, protein, energy |
examples of nucleic acids | DNA, RNA, ATP |
shape of DNA | double helix; twisted ladder |
DNA nitrogen bases | A, T, C, G |
A bonds to (in DNA) | T |
C bonds to | G |
sugar for DNA | deoxyribose |
shape of RNA | single strand |
RNA nitrogen bases | A, U, C, G |
sugar for RNA | ribose |
A bonds to (in RNA) | U |
function of RNA | make protein |
function of DNA | controls cellular activity; hereditary information |
ATP | energy made and used by the body |
ATP is made in the | mitochondria |
Enzymes | protein; biological catalyst that controls the speed of reactions |
substrate | what the enzyme works on (breaks apart) |
active site | the opening of the enzyme where the substrate fits |
enzyme substrate complex | enzyme and substrate together |
lock and key theory | the enzyme will only work on one type of substrate; they are substrate specific |
products | broken pieces of the substrate |
denature | the active site changes if too warm or pH is too high |
3 things that affect an enzyme | temperature, pH, concentration |
optimum | the best temperature, pH or concentration; where the enzyme works the best |