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sun and stars
science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The size and masses of stars | Most visible star are medium-sized |
| Actual motion of stars | Stars rotate on an axis |
| composition of stars | Stars are made of the same elements as earth. The most common element is Hydrogen. Helium is the second most common. |
| Analyzing starlight | Displayed colors from spectograph. Emission- bright lines Absorption-dark lines Continuous Dark lines revel composition |
| Characteristics of stars | Energy comes from nuclear fusion |
| Protostar | Hot condensed object at the center of a nebula that will become a new star when nuclear fusion reactions begin. |
| Nebula | Large cloud of interstellar gas and dust that collapses on itself, due to its own gravity, and forms a hot condensed object that will become a new star. |
| Absolute magnitude | Brightness an object would have if it were placed at a distance of 10 PC; classification system for staler brightness that can be calculated only when the actual distance to a star is known. |
| Chromsphere | Layer of the sun's atmosphere above the Photosphere and below the corona that is 2500 kilometers thick and has a temp. around 30,000 k at its top. |
| Binary star | Describes two stars that are bound together by gravity and orbit a common a center of mass. |
| Fission | process in which heavy atomic nuclei split into smaller lighter atomic nuclei. |
| Fusion | The combining of lightweight nuclei into heavier nuclei; occurs in the core of the sun where temp. and pressures are extremely high. |
| Blackholes | Remains of a supernova too massive to become a neutron star. Small extremely dense remnant of a star whose gravity is so immense that even light can not escape its gravity. |
| Neutron star | After the supernova the core contracts into a dense ball of neutrons. |
| The final stage (massive stars) | Fusion ends with iron. Energy is transferred from the collapsing core to the outer layers that explode outward. (supernova) |
| The final Stage (medium stars) | Planetary nebula created becomes a white dwarf. |
| After the main stage (stage 3) | The star becomes a giant or a supergiant. |
| The main-sequence | The longest stage in the life of a star. massive stars fuse atoms faster and live shorter. (10 million years) |
| Star formation (stage 1) | Stars begin ad a nebula commonly 70% hydrogen, 28% helium, and heavier elements protostars- the center of the disk is a region of dense matter. |
| classifying stars | Graphing surface temperature against luminosity shows a constant pattern. Hertzsprung- Russel diagram H-R diagram Describes the life cycles of stars highest temp on left highest luminosity on top cool dim red stars in lower right of the diagram |
| Classifying stars (continued) | Hot bright blue stars in upper left of diagram most stars fall within a region called the main sequence |
| Distance to stars | Distance measured in light years. The distance light travels in one year. |
| Doppler Effect | Moving toward earth causes a shift toward blue color. shift toward blue color moving away from earth causes a shift showing that they are moving away from earth. |
| H-R diagram | Diagram that release stellar characteristics; class, mass, temperature, magnitude, diameter, and luminosity. |
| Supernova | massive explosion that occurs when the outer layer of a star is blown off. |
| Apparent magnitude | Classification system based, on how bright a star appears to be; does not take distance into account so it cannot indicate how bright a star actually is. |
| Photosphere | Lowest layer of the suns atmosphere that is also visible. Surface has an average temp. of 5800 k about 400 k thick. |
| Corona | Top layer of the sun's atmosphere that extends from the top of the chromosphere and ranges in temperature. 1 million - 2 million k |
| Composition of the sun | 75% of the suns mass is hydrogen. 24% of the suns mass is helium. |
| Temperatures of stars | Surface temperature is indicated by color. blue stars- highest Red stars- much cooler Yellow stars- about 5,500 (10,000) |
| The suns Interior | The core- fusion of hydrogen into helium. Radioactive layer- energy moves outward in from of electron magnetic waves. convection zone- Energy moves upward in convention (Boiling) Photosphere- layer seen from earth |
| The suns interior (con.) | The corona- magnetic fields keep particles from escaping into space. |
Created by:
mckennaschulz
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