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Viral hem. Fevers
4th Semester - Micro - Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a common characteristic of all viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever? | They are all enveloped RNA viruses. |
| Describe the structure of flaviviruses | Small, single stranded, postive sense enveloped RNA viruses |
| Flaviviruses are responsible for what disesaes primarily | Yellow fever and dengue |
| Yellow fever and dengue are caused by what virus? | Flavivirus |
| Approx size of flavivirus? | 50nm in diameter |
| What type of mosquito transmits jungle yellow fever to humans | Aedes spp. mosquito |
| What type of mosquito transmits urban yellow fever to human? | A. aegypti |
| What is the incubation period of yellow fever? | 3 to 6 days |
| What is the duration of yellow fever? | 6-10 days. |
| What is faget's sign? | The unusual combination of fever and bradycardia. Seen in yellow fever, among other dz's |
| What are the lab findings of yellow fever? | Leukopenia with relative neutropenia |
| Clinical presentation of yellow fever in viremic stage | high fever, malaise, chills, ha. myalgia, CONGESTION OF CONJUNCTIVA AND **REDDENING OF THE EDGES OF TONGUE** |
| Clinical presentation of yellow fever in late stage? | **EPIGASTRIC PAIN AND JAUNDICE**, rena dysfunction / oliguria, Increase AST and ALT levels. Global reduction in clotting factors / prolonged PT and bleeding time. |
| How is yellow fever diagnosed? | Often clinical and epidemiologic. Otherwise, Mostly ELISA. |
| ddx of yellow fever? | Viral hepatitis, leptospirosis, dengue, etc |
| what liver cells are first infected? | Kupffer cells. |
| Can people get yellow fever twice? | No. Being infected once provides life long immunity in the form of neutralizing ABs |
| What are the two types of dengue? | Classical dengue fever and Dengue hemorrhagic fever / dengue shock syndrome ( mostly in children) |
| Lab findings of classical dengue? | Leukopenia with absolute neutropenia and elevated AST/ALT |
| Clinical presentation of dengue? | Abrupt onset of high fever, arthralgia / deep bone pain, CONGESTION OF CONJUNCTIVA, puffy eyelids and RELATIVE BRADYCARDIA, May complain of a metallic taste sensation and epitaxis |
| Lab findings of dengue hemorrhagic fever. | Same as classical dengue ** but with elevated hct and throbocytopenia** |
| Likely cause of leukopenia in dengue fever? | BM suppression. |
| Can you get dengue fever more than once? | Yes. Although long last immunity is achieved through neutralizing antibodies. 2nd infxon is possible from a virus of heterologous sertotype, in which case it is usually the more severe form. |
| describe structure of FILOviruses. | filamentous, pleomorphic, (-) SSRNA viruses. |
| What are the two main species of filovirus? | Ebola and Marburg |
| What is the incubation period of filoviruses? | 4 days to 6 weeks |
| What are the lab findings of filovirus infection (marburg or ebola) | lymphopenia, netropenia, marked thrombocytopenia, elevated AST and ALT with elvated CREATININE AND BUN |
| Filoviruses infect what cell type? | Mononuclear phagocytes. |
| rift valley fever is caused by what virus? | phlebovirus |
| Phlebovirus causes.... | rift valley fever |
| Bunyaviradar consists of what viruses | Bunyavirus, phlebovirus, nairovirus, and hantavirus |
| Describe structure and size of phleboviirus | segmented (3) (-) SSRNA, enveloped. ~100nm in diameter |
| Aedes mcintoshi is responsible for transmitting what virus? | phlebovirus. Rift valley fever. |
| Possible complication of rift valley fever? | Usually benign self limiting disease resolving in 2-5 days. Possible cx include encephalitis, retinitis, and unveitis, likely immune mediated. |
| Crimean-congo-hemorrhagic fever is caused by what virus | Nairovirus |
| What is the structure of nairovirus | enveloped, segmented (3) (-)SSRNA (same structure and size [100nm] as phlebovirus) |
| How is nairo virus transmitted? | Hyalomma ticks. (causes Crimean-congo-hemorrhagic fever) |
| What virus / dz combo features vomitting, hepatomegally, and neurologic manifestation of somnolence. | Crimean-congo-hemorrhagic fever |
| Describe structure of hantavirus | same as phlebovirus and nairovirus. (100nm in diameter, segmented (3) (-)SSRNA |
| How is hantavirus transmitted | rodent urine and feces |
| Unique clinical manifestations of hemmorhagic fever with renal symptoms. | Febrile stage : Hematuria and proteinurea with conunctival hemorrhage. Hypotension and shock in the hypotensive phase, then progressing to oligouric stage |
| lassa fever is a finding of what viral infxon | arenavirus |
| describe arenavirus structure | 60-300nm, (-) ssrna |
| Possible complications if arenavirus infxon | hearing impairments and bacterial superinfection |
| What is the treatment for lassa fever | Ribavirin |
| Ribavirin can be used to tx what viral hemorrhagic disease | lassa fever (arenovirus) |
| What are the main targets for most hemorrhagic fevers causing viruses | Dendritic cells and macrophages |
| ****What cytokine is commonly implicated in hemorrhagic fever?**** | TNA-a --> increased endothelial permeability |
| Innate viral immunity is mediated via,...? cellular immunity? | Innate = INF-alpha, Cellular immunity = CTLs mostly, Humoral = neutralizing antibodies |
| How do neutralizing antibodies mediate response against viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever? | They mediat oxidation of the viral envelope by compliment |
| A person with a hemorrhagic fever who recently traveled to Asia is most likely infected with hat virus? | DENV-1,2,3 or 4 (dengue) |
| A person with a hemorrhagic fever who recently traveled to Arica or South America is most likely infected with what virus? | Yellow Fever Virus (flaviviridae) |
Created by:
rkirchoff
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