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DNA and Replication
DNA structure, function, and replication
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Complementary base pair | A matching pair of nitrogenous bases such as A = T or C = G |
Nucleotide | A phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base |
Antiparallel | Two strands of the DNA molecule run in opposite directions |
What is the function of DNA? | To code for proteins |
What type of macromolecule or biomolecule is DNA? | A nucleic acid |
What is the monomer of DNA? | A nucleotide |
Where in eukaryotic cells is DNA located? | The nucleus |
Where in prokaryotic cells is DNA located? | The cytoplasm |
What does DNA stand for? | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
Why is the order of bases in DNA so important? | Because a specific segment of DNA, called a gene, codes for a protein that creates a physical trait |
What is the complementary base pair to adenine? | Thymine |
What is the complementary base pair to thymine? | Adenine |
What is the complementary base pair to cytosine? | Guanine |
What is the complementary base pair to guanine? | Cytosine |
What makes up the so-called 'backbone' of DNA? | The phosphate group and sugars |
What makes up the 'rungs' of the DNA ladder (the part you climb)? | The nitrogenous bases |
What is the first step in the process of replicating a cell's DNA? | To separate the double helix/unzip the double helix |
Which enzyme is responsible for 'unzipping' the double helix? | Helicase |
What enzyme has to lay down RNA primers so that DNA polymerase knows where to begin? | Primase |
What is the second step in DNA replication? | RNA primase lays down primers so that DNA polymerase knows where to begin |
Which enzyme links together the sugar-phosphate backbone of the Okazaki fragments? | Ligase |
Which enzyme adds the new nucleotides to the template DNA strand? | DNA polymerase |
When does DNA replication happen? | During interphase |
Given the sequence CAAGTA, what is the complementary sequence? | GTTCAT |
When there is an error in the replication process, what is it called? Ex: A = G instead of A = T | A mutation |
What is the shape of the DNA molecule? | A double helix |