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Mrs. Yust/ Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| somatic cell | any cell other than a germ cell |
| gamete | a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a new organism |
| homologous chromosome | one of a pair of chromosomes that match up at meiosis and are identical in morphology and arrangement; a chromosome with the same gene sequence as another, each derived from one parent |
| autosome | any chromosome other than a sex chromosome |
| sex chromosome | Either of a pair of chromosomes, usually designated X or Y, that combine to determine the sex and sex-linked characteristics of an individual, with XX resulting in a female and XY in a male |
| sexual reproduction | reproduction involving the union of gametes |
| fertilization | The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote |
| diploid | an organism or cell having double the basic number of chromosomes |
| haploid | an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes. |
| meiosis | part of the process of gamete formation, consisting of chromosome conjugation and two cell divisions, in the course of which the diploid chromosome number becomes reduced to the haploid |
| germ cell | the sexual reproductive cell at any stage from the primordial cell to the mature gamete. |
| gametogenesis | the development of gametes |
| sperm | a male reproductive cell |
| egg | a female reproductive cell |
| polar bodies | one of the minute cells arising from the unequal meiotic divisions of the ovum at or near the time of fertilization |
| crossing over also called synapsis | the pairing of homologous chromosomes, one from each parent, during early meiosis |
| tetrads | a group of four chromatids formed by synapsis at the beginning of meiosis |
| flagellum | a long, lashlike appendage serving as an organ of locomotion in protozoa, sperm cells, etc |
| Mendel | Moravian (monk) botanist who determined, through experiments with garden peas, the laws of heredity that later became the foundation for the science of genetics |
| trait | a distinguishing characteristic or quality |
| genetics | Study of heredity |
| genes | the basic physical unit of heredity |
| purebred | all of whose ancestors derive over many generations from homozygous traits |
| self-pollination | the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same flower, another flower on the same plant, or the flower of a plant of the same clone |
| cross | a mixing of breeds |
| P generation | parental plants |
| F1 generation | hybrid offspring |
| F2 generation | next generation of plants |
| masked | Ont trait hides the other |
| ratio | A relationship between numbers |
| law of segregation | during the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent |
| locus | specific locations of genes along the chromosome |
| allele | alternative forms of genes |
| homozygous | pair of identical alleles for a characteristic |
| heterozygous | two different alleles for a characteristic |
| human genome project | the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent |
| genome | a full set of chromosomes; all the inheritable traits of an organ |
| genotype | genetic makeup |
| phenotype | physical traits |
| dominant | the allele that is fully expressed |
| homozygous dominant | pair of identical dominant alleles for a characteristic |
| homozygous recessive | pair of identical recessive alleles for a characteristic |
| recessive | the allele that has no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance |
| Punnett Square | a type of grid used to show the gametes of each parent and their possible offspring; a type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross |
| monohybrid cross | A cross with only one characteristic |
| testcross | a mating between an individual of unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual. |
| dihybrid cross | A cross with two characteristics |
| simple dominance | One trait completely masks the other |
| Incomplete dominance | hybrids have an appearance in between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties |
| law of independent assortment | each pair of alleles segregates independently during gamete formation. |
| probability | the relative frequency with which an event occurs or is likely to occur |
| genetic linkage | genes that are located close together on the same chromosome. |
Created by:
ambrecooper
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