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Bio Ch6 prokaryotes
Preperation for Midterm #2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In what domain do prokaryotic cells belong to | Bacteria and Archaea |
| Which organisms consist of eukaryotic cells | Protists, fungi, animals, and plants |
| All cells have: | plamsa membrane, chromosomes, and ribosomes |
| External to the prokaryotic cell membrane: | 1. Flagellum/flagella 2. Fimbria/fimbriae 3. Pilus/pili 4. Capsule 5. Cell wall |
| Internal to prokaryotic cell membrane: | 1. Cytoplasm 2. Nucleoid region (not to be confused with nucleus) - chromosome - plasmid(s) 3. Ribosomes 4. Membranes? |
| Flagella | -protein filaments -movement throughout environment -some prokaryotes |
| Chemotaxis (taxis) | Using their flagella some prokaryotes can change their movement pattern in response to chemicals (toward nutrients/positive or away from toxins/negative) |
| Fimria (Fimriae) | A short, hairlike appendage of a prokaryotic cell that helps it adhere to the substrate or to other cells; also known as an attachment pilus |
| chromosomes | carry genes in the form of DNA (all cells have this) -1. dsDNA 2. Circular (large) 3. One copy 4. Contains all vital genetic information (genes) |
| ribosomes | tiny complexes that make proteins according to instructions from the genes 1. Made of rRNA + proteins 2. Protein synthesis 3. Structurally similar to but distinct from ribosomes of eukaryotic cells |
| nucleoid | region in prokaryotes where the cell's DNA is located (not enclosed by a membrane) |
| plasma membrane | -membrane enclosing the cytoplasma in every cell -acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cell's chemical composition (oxygen, nutrients, wastes) |
| cell wall | rigid structure outside the plasma membrane |
| cytoplasm (eukaryote) | -region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane |
| capsule | -sticky layer of polysaccharide or protien that covers cell wall -enables prokaryotes to adhere to their substrate or to other individuals in a colony -some protect agains dehydration -some shield pathogenic prokaryotes from attacks by their host's imm |
| sex pilus | -a structure that links one cell to another at the start of conjugation -passes new genetic info |
| plasmids | 1. extrachromosomal 2. dsDNA 3. Circular (small) 4. One or many copies; same or different plasmids 5. Contains genes that may confer special properties but are not considered vital 6. Molecular biology tool |
| cell wall (prokaryotes) | -peptidoglycan (protein-sugar) (always found in bacteria -external to cell membrane -maintains cells integrity (not found in eukaryotes) - Three kind: spherical (cocci), rod-shaped (bacilli), spiral |
Created by:
blizz.zenz
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