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KD-Sci vocab 4 Gr6 *
review of science glossary (size 10)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the 2 glands located on top of each kidney; also called "emergency glands" | adrenal glands |
| depressant that has anesthetic effect on the nervous system | alcohol |
| are building blocks of matter, the smallest particle of an element | atom |
| refers to the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom | atomic mass |
| a pair of stars that exist together; they appear as one star when seen from earth | binary stars |
| is the property of a material to be easily broken into pieces | brittleness |
| is heating the food and sealing it in a sterile airtight container | canning |
| the basic structural and functional unit of all living things | cell |
| an outward force that pulls an object away from the center of rotation | centrifugal force |
| an inward force that keeps an object moving in a circle | centripetal force |
| the part of the brain which controls all voluntary muscular movements | cerebellum |
| the part of the brain which controls all conscious and thinking activities | cerebrum |
| is an attractive force that holds atoms and ions together | chemical bond |
| is the energy stored in matter due to the arrangement of atoms in the molecules of substances | chemical energy |
| is adding chemicals to food to enhance flavor, provide color, improve nutrition, protect food against microorganisms and oxygen and to adjust acidity or tartness | chemical preservation |
| is the branch of science that studies matter, its composition and the changes it undergoes under different conditions | chemistry |
| the flow of nutritive fluids, gases waste materials and water in the body | circulation |
| the clashing of 2 bodies in a certain place or space | collision |
| a material composed of two or more elements that are chemical combined in definite proportions | compound |
| is the movement of energy from a source to an object by direct contact between them | conduction |
| groups of stars that form patterns | constellations |
| the crusts on which the continents are located | continental plates |
| is the transfer of heat energy when a large mass of liquid or gas with a different temperature moves from one place to another. | convection |
| the innermost part of the earth, believed to be consisting of molten iron. | core |
| is sharing electrons between two atoms | covalent bond |
| the outer layer of the earth on which man lives; it varies in depth. | crust |
| organisms that decompose matter | decomposers |
| is the amount of matter in a given volume of an objects | density |
| is used in getting the volume of irregularly shaped objects by immersing it in water and the amount of water that overflows is measured | displacement method |
| is the ability of a material to be drawn into a fine wire without breaking | ductility |
| the study of the interactions of living organisms with their environment | ecology |
| is the ability of a material to return to its original shape and size after it has been stretched, twisted or compressed | elasticity |
| is produced by the movement of electrons | electrical energy |
| are the basic kinds of matter; they are substances that cannot be broken up into simpler form by ordinary chemical methods. | elements |
| ductless glands that discharge their secretions directly into the bloodstream | endocrine glands |
| is the capacity to do work | energy |
| the red corpuscles or red blood cells | erythrocytes |
| the minimum speed a spacecraft much reach to overcome the pull of gravity | escape velocity |
| a systematic way of obtaining information to confirm a hypothesis | experimentation |
| a prediction beyond the range of observable data | extrapolation |
| are the characteristics of a substance which describes its outside appearance | extrinsic properties |
| the union of the ovum and the sperm | fertilization |
| is the ability of matter to be rolled or bent without breaking | flexibility |
| the repeated transfer of chemical energy in food through a series of organisms by eating and being eaten | food chain |
| the repeated process of using food substances by living organisms | food cycle |
| a schematic or quantitative representation of a food chain with the food producers forming at the base and top consumers at the apex | food pyramid |
| an overlapping system of food dependency | food web |
| a cluster of stars, constellations and nebulae | galaxy |
| is the resistance of a material from being scratched easily | hardness |
| results from the rapid movement of molecules in matter | heat energy |
| they are the internal secretions produced by the endocrine glands | hormones |
| produces electricity by waterpower | hydroelectric power |
| means that things cannot be on the same spot at the same time | impenetrability |
| is the tendency of matter not to move unless it is moved by some outside force; also the tendency of matter to keep moving until stopped by an outside force. | inertia |
| the space between planets | interplanetary space |
| a prediction within the range of given data | interpolation |
| are permanent characteristics of a substance which are inherent in the material itself. | intrinsic properties |
| electrons are transferred from atom to atom | ionic bonds |
| is the energy possessed by moving objects | kinetic energy |
| the white corpuscles or white blood cells | leucocytes |
| the distance traveled by light in one year; = to 9.46 km | light year |
| is the ability of materials to be hammered or pounded into tin sheets or beaten into various shapes without breaking | malleability |
| the layer which surrounds the core of the earth; made up of a thick layer of rocks | mantle |
| is the amount of matter in an object which is measured in grams or kilograms | mass |
| is anything that occupies space and has mass and weight | matter |
| is energy shown in moving objects which when applied to another object will cause it to move | mechanical energy |
| the part of the brain which controls the involuntary muscles of the heart, intestines, stomach, diaphragm, etc. | medulla oblongata |
| is the sharing of electrons of many atoms | metallic bond |
| a combination of 2 or more materials physically combined and can be separated by ordinary means | mixtures |
| are the units that contain 2 or more atoms, which are constantly moving | molecules |
| highly dangerous drugs that affect the mind; often addictive and in large doses can cause stupor, coma or death | narcotics |
| a process where nitrogen gas from the atmosphere is fixed in the soil or roots of leguminous plants as nitrogen compounds for plants to use | nitrogen-fixation |
| energy resources that cannot be replaced quickly once they are used up | non-renewable |
| is energy released from the nucleus of an atom | nuclear energy |
| produces nuclear energy by splitting the nuclei of heavy atoms into fragments | nuclear fission |
| produces nuclear energy by combining the nuclei of light elements to form heavier and more stable nuclei | nuclear fusion |
| the gland that has a special group of cells, the islet of Langerhans, which secretes the hormone insulin. | pancreas |
| hormone secreted by the gland pancreas, which enables the liver to store sugar as glycogen and oxidize sugar efficiently | insulin |
| the gland that secretes a hormone which controls the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus | parathyroid gland |
| is the process of killing bacteria by heating food at 60º-66ºC for 30-40 minutes and cooking it immediately | Pasteurization |
| is a chart, which shows the many facts about elements and their atoms | periodic table |
| the liquid part of the blood | plasma |
| synthetics that can be pressed, melted or molded into any desired shape | plastics |
| is the ability to absorb or hold much water or liquid | porosity |
| is stored energy | potential energy |
| foretelling the probable outcome or result | predicting |
| plants that provide food for the community | producers |
| states that the universe expanded from a ball of matter | pulsating theory |
| comes in the form of light, infrared and ultraviolet rays, x-ray, radio waves and cosmic rays | radiant energy |
| is the transfer of energy through waves | radiation |
| is the simplest nervous reaction | reflex action |
| is keeping food at low temperature where microorganisms become less active | refrigeration |
| is the property of materials to be dissolved in liquid | solubility |
| is the material being dissolved | solute |
| is the dissolving medium | solvent |
| is produced by vibrating objects | sound energy |
| the region beyond the Earth's atmosphere | space |
| an unmanned device sent out to explore space | space probe |
| a reusable space vehicle which takes off like a rocket and lands like an airplane | space shuttle |
| an orbiting spacecraft designed to be occupied by teams of astronauts and cosmonauts over long periods. | space station |
| the measure of how fast an object moves | speed |
| a huge shining ball in space that produces a tremendous amount of light and energy | star |
| states that the universe had a beginning and it will have no end | steady-state theory |
| an exploding star | supernova |
| elements which are created in laboratories because they are not found in nature | synthetic elements |
| are artificially prepared materials by putting together new compounds | synthetics |
| are heated until they are soft then molded and cooled | thermoplastic plastics |
| are placed in molds where heat and pressure are applied until the plastic set hardens | thermosetting plastics |
| the gland that produces the hormone thyroxin which regulate the rate of metabolism | thyroid gland |
| the measure of how fast an object moves towards a particular direction | velocity |
| is the amount of space that an object occupies which is expressed in cubic units | volume |
| is the pull of gravity on an object which is expressed in Newton or dyne | weight |
| the change in velocity during a given period of time | acceleration |
| type of precipitation like rain or snow; contains compounds that result from the reaction of oxides of sulfur, nitrogen and carbon with water | acid rain |
| a volcano that has shown frequent eruptions with recent history | active volcano |
| the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth | air |
| the force that air exerts on a surface | air pressure |
| a weather instrument that indicates wind speed | anemometer |
| a living thing that cannot manufacture its own food; depends on plants for food | animal |
| the brightness of a star that depends on its distance from the observer | apparent brightness |
| a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart | artery |
| a rock layer in the lithosphere that may be characterized as weak, soft, and plastic-like | asthenosphere |
| the belief that heavenly bodies have a great influence on human lives | astrology |
| the air part of the earth | atmosphere |
| the smallest particle of an element | atom |
| the slender extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from a cell body | axon |
| forces that do not cause a change in an object's state of motion; the net force that acts on the object is zero | balanced forces |
| a weather instrument that measures air pressure | barometer |
| the ability of a material to be broken down into simpler forms by the action of microorganisms | biodegradability |
| the living part of the earth; made up of plants and animals | biosphere |
| the ratio of the number of births to the total population in a specified community during a given period of time | birthrate |
| a cold, dark star that results when a white dwarf has totally lost its energy | black dwarf |
| the pressure exerted by the blood upon the walls of blood vessels and especially the arteries. | blood pressure |
| the air part of the earth | atmosphere |
| the smallest particle of an element | atom |
| the slender extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from a cell body | axon |
| forces that do not cause a change in an object's state of motion; the net force that acts on the object is zero | balanced forces |
| a weather instrument that measures air pressure | barometer |
| the ability of a material to be broken down into simpler forms by the action of microorganisms | biodegradability |
| the living part of the earth; made up of plants and animals | biosphere |
| the ratio of the number of births to the total population in a specified community during a given period of time | birthrate |
| a cold, dark star that results when a white dwarf has totally lost its energy | black dwarf |
| the pressure exerted by the blood upon the walls of blood vessels and especially the arteries. | blood pressure |
| the circular depression formed whether by explosion or collapse of a volcano | caldera |
| a tiny blood vessel in tissues and organs that makes exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissues possible | capillary |
| an animal that feeds on the meat of other animals | carnivore |
| the number of organisms that the resources of an ecosystem can support | carrying capacity |
| part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and the spinal cord | central nervous system |
| the outward force exerted on a body in circular motion | centrifugal force |
| the inward force exerted on a body in circular motion | centripetal force |
| second largest part of the brain; refines and coordinates muscular movements | cerebellum |
| largest and most complex structure of the brain | cerebrum |
| the form of potential energy found in fuels, batteries and food | chemical energy |
| a volcano made of loose rock fragments given off from the central vent forming a slope of about 30º | cinder cone |
| the movement of a body along a circular path | circular motion |
| one of the geographic belts that encircles the Pacific Ocean and includes the west coasts of North and South America, Japan and the Philippines | circum-Pacific belt |
| the average weather condition of a place over a long period of time. | climate |
| the relationship of cooperation in which one organism is helped while the other organism is neither helped nor harmed | commensalism |
| groups of plants and animals living together | community |
| the transfer of heat energy by direct contact between the particles of solid materials | conduction |
| a material through which heat or electricity passes readily | conductor |
| wise use of resources to preserve or protect them | conservation |
| a group of stars that appears to form a picture or pattern | constellation |
| an animal that feeds on plants or other animals | consumer |
| the method of planting across instead of up and down a slope. this method prevents soil being washed down the hill. | contour plowing |
| the transfer of heat by the movement of liquid or gas due to a temperature difference. | convection |
| the innermost layer of the earth made up of two sublayers | core |
| the practice of growing different plants on the same piece of land at different times of the year. this practice helps maintain the soil's fertility. | crop rotation |
| the soli9d outermost part of the earth; made of rocks, soil and different landforms | crust |
| an atmospheric disturbance characterized by masses of air rapidly rotating about a low-pressure center | cyclone |
| a construction that serves as a barrier to control water flow in a waterway | dam |
| the ratio of the number of organisms that die to the total population in a specified community during a given period of time | death rate |
| an organism that feeds on dead organic matter and breaks it down to simpler substances | decomposer |
| a short, threadlike extension of the cell body of a neuron; conducts nerve impulses toward the cell body | dendrite |
| a volcano that has not erupted during the last 500 to 5000 years. | dormant volcano |
| the shaking or trembling of the earth's crust | earthquake |
| a sound that is reflected from a surface | echo |
| a group of living things interacting with one another and with the nonliving environment | ecosystem |
| the form of energy associated with electric charges | electricity |
| a negatively charged particle in an atom | electron |
| force that comes from within the earth | endogenic force |
| the capacity to do work, that is, to exert a force on an object and cause it to move through a distance | energy |
| a diagram that shows the flow of energy in a community | energy pyramid |
| the change of energy from one form to another | energy transformation |
| the sum of all the living and nonliving things that surround and affect an organism | environment |
| the point on the earth's surface directly above the focus | epicenter |
| force that comes from outside the surface of the earth | exogenic force |
| a volcano that has remained dormant or inactive for more than 5000 years | extinct volcano |
| a break or fracture formed when a land plate slips or slides | fault |
| a chemical or natural mixture added to soil to help plants grow | fertilizer |
| the ability to be burned | flammability |
| a substance that helps make some food tastier or more appetizing | flavor enhancer |
| a point within the earth from which earthquake waves originate | focus |
| an arrangement of organisms according to a feeding order | food chain |
| interacting food chains in a community | food web |
| a kind of fuel that comes from the remains of plants and animals that have been buried over a long period of time. | fossil fuel |
| a material that can be burned or used to produce heat and light | fuel |
| the process in which two or more light atoms combine to form a heavy atom and release a large amount of energy | fusion |
| the state of matter characterized by indefinite shape and volume | gas |
| the form of energy that originates from the interior of the earth | geothermal energy |
| the periodic to-and-fro motion of a vibrating objects | harmonic motion |
| the iron-containing protein found in red blood cells; transports oxygen and carbon dioxide from the lungs | hemoglobin |
| an animal that feeds on plants | herbivore |
| the amount of moisture in the air | humidity |
| a cyclone with heavy rains and with winds exceeding 120 kph | hurricane |
| the energy obtained from fast-moving water that falls from a waterfall or a high dam | hydroelectric power |
| the water part of the earth | hydrosphere |
| "warming effect" due to trapping of heat energy in the earth's atmosphere. | greenhouse effect |
| a structure that makes use of geothermal energy to produce electricity | geothermal plant |
| a rock that is formed from hardened lava | igneous rock |
| a sublayer of the core made of solid iron and nickel | inner core |
| material that does not conduct heat or electricity | insulator |
| a measure of the strength of an earthquake | intensity |
| energy associated with motion | kinetic energy |
| mudflow or moving mass of soil containing volcanic ash; behaves like wet concrete | lahar |
| a circle drawn around a globe; measured in degrees north or south of the equator | latitude |
| hot molten rock that issues from a volcano or a fissure in the earth's surface | lava |
| states that energy changes its form but is neither created nor destroyed. The total of energy in a system remains the same. | law of conservation of energy |
| states that an object at rest tends to remain at rest and an object in motion tends to move at a constant speed in the same direction unless acted upon by an imbalanced force. | law of inertia |
| the distance traveled by light in one year; the unit used to express distance between heavenly bodies. | light year |
| motion in a straight line. | linear motion |
| the state of matter characterized by an indefinite shape and a definite volume. | liquid |
| the land part of the earth | lithosphere |
| a measure of the total amount of light energy a star gives off | luminosity |
| part of the circulatory system that collects and drains fluid that seeps from the blood and accumulates in the space between cells | lymphatic system |
| hot molten rock inside the earth | magma |
| layer of the earth below the crust; made up of solid bedrock | mantle |
| a star that has a mass at least 50 times greater than that of the sun | massive star |
| anything that occupies space and has mass | matter |
| the energy that an object possesses due to its motion or movement | mechanical energy |
| earthquake belt that runs through the Mediterranean Sea, crosses the Mideast and the Himalayas, and passes through the East Indies to meet the circum-Pacific belt north of Australia | Mediterranean-Himalayan Belt |
| a spiral type of galaxy where the planet Earth is found | Milky Way |
| a measure of earthquake intensity expressed in Roman numerals from I to XII | modified Mercalli scale |
| the boundary separating the crust from the mantle; also called Moho | Mohorovicic discontinuity |
| a wind system that influences large climatic regions and reverses direction seasonally | monsoon |
| the change in position of an object in relation to a reference point | motion |
| a relationship of cooperation in which two different organisms help each other | mutualism |
| a great cloud of dust and gas in space | nebula |
| a cell specialized to transmit impulses | neuron |
| the neutral particle of an atom; located in the nucleus | neutron |
| the tiny core that is left after a supernova explosion | neutron star |
| the star above the North Pole; also known as Polaris | North Star |
| the energy that is released from nuclear fission or fusion or from radioactive decay | nuclear energy |
| the small, dense central part of an atom | nucleus |
| part of food that nourishes | nutrient |
| tectonic plates found under the ocean | oceanic plates |
| an organism that feeds on both plants and animals | omnivore |
| layer of the earth between the mantle and the inner core; made up of liquid iron and nickel | outer core |
| the three-atom molecule of oxygen that forms a protective layer in the upper atmosphere | ozone |
| nerves and fibers that connect the central nervous system with other parts of the body | peripheral nervous system |
| a chemical used to kill insects that are harmful to crops and other plants | pesticide |
| a living thing that can manufacture its own food | plant |
| the theory that states that our planer is made up of slowly moving land plates | plate tectonics theory |
| the condition of the air, land and water that threatens the health and life of organisms due to the presence of harmful substances in these parts of the earth | pollution |
| a group of the same kind of organisms living in the same area | population |
| energy due to the position or composition of matter | potential energy |
| an organism that can make its own food | producer |
| the positively charged particle of an atom; located in the nucleus | proton |
| the nearest star to the sun | Proxima Centauri |
| a weather instrument that measures relative humidity | psychrometer |
| blood circuit between the heart and lungs | pulmonary circulation |
| the transfer of energy by heat waves | radiation |
| a fixed point used to determine if there is a change in position | reference point |
| the movement of the earth in its elliptical orbit around the sun | revolution |
| a numerical measurement of an earthquake's strength | Richter Scale |
| another name for the circum-Pacific earthquake belt that encircles the Pacific Ocean | Ring of Fire |
| motion of a body that rotates about an axis | rotary motion |
| the movement of the earth about its tilted axis | rotation |
| an instrument that detects an earthquake and measures its strength | seismograph |
| a heart valve that prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricles | semilunar valve |
| a volcano with a broad cone gently sloping between 6º to 12º | shield volcano |
| a meteor that is vaporized by heat of friction as it enters the atmosphere | shooting star |
| any atmospheric disturbance with strong winds at a speed of 63 to 118 kph; often accompanied by heavy rain, snow or hail | storm |
| also known as composite volcano; made alternately of pyroclastic materials and rock from solidified lave flow | stratovolcano |
| massive stars that have become even bigger in size | supergiants |
| the brilliant explosion of a supergiant | supernova |
| the space between a neuron and the next neuron in an impulse pathway | synapse |
| the study of the earth's crust | tectonics |
| a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules | temperature |
| an instrument that measures temperature | thermometer |
| a heavy storm accompanied by lightning and thunder | thunderstorm |
| a violently whirling column of air accompanied by a funnel-shaped thundercloud moving over a narrow path | tornado |
| a weather disturbance known as hurricane in the United States and typhoon if it occurs in the Pacific Ocean | tropical cyclone |
| an atmospheric disturbance that has a wind speed of less than 63 kph | tropical depression |
| an atmospheric disturbance that has a wind speed of 63 to 118 kph | tropical storm |
| latitude that is located 23.5º north above the equator | Tropic of Cancer |
| latitude that is located 23.5º south below the equator | Tropic of Capricorn |
| a huge sea wave produced by an earthquake | tsunami |
| a severe atmospheric disturbance in the Pacific; has a wind speed greater than 118 kph | typhoon |
| forces that cause a change in an object's state of motion; the net force that acts on the object is not equal to zero | unbalanced forces |
| blood vessel that carries blood from the body to the heart | vein |
| the change in displacement of a body during a period of time | velocity |
| the process or activity by which a volcano gives off gases and other volcanic materials | volcanism |
| a vent on the earth's crust | volcano |
| a compound that is made up of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen | water |
| the condition of the atmosphere within a short period of time | weather |
| the remnant of a red giant that has lost its outer surface | white dwarf |
| moving air | wind |
| a weather instrument that tells the direction of the wind | wind vane |
| a measure of how fast or how slow the wind moves | wind speed |
| a funnel-shaped bag with holes at both ends; used to tell the direction of the wind | wind sock |
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