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Chapter 14

Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Biogenesis the theory that living organisms come only from other living organisms
spontaneous generation an early and now disproved theory that living organisms come to life spontaneously from nonliving material
radiometric dating a method of determining the absolute age of an object by comparing the relative percentages of a radioactive (parent) isotope and a stable (daughter) isotope.
isotope an atom that has the same number of protons (or the same atomic number) as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons (and thus a different atomic mass)
mass number the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
radioactive decay the disintegration of an unstable atomic nucleus into one or more different nuclides, accompanied by the emission of radiation, the nuclear capture or ejection of electrons, or fission
radioactive isotope an isotope that has an unstable nucleus and that emits radiation
half-life the time required for half of a sample of a radioactive isotope to break down by radioactive decay to form a daughter isotope
microsphere a microscopic spherical structure composed of many protein molecules that are organized as a membrane.
coacervate a mass of colloidal substances held together by electrostatic attraction
ribozyme a type of RNA that can act as an enzyme.
archaea prokaryotes (most of which are known to live in extreme environments) that are distinguished from other prokaryotes by differences in their genetics and in the makeup of their cell wall; members of the domain Archaea (singular, archaeon)
chemosynthesis the production of carbohydrates through the use of energy from inorganic molecules instead of light
cyanobacteria a bacterium that can carry out photosynthesis, such as a blue-green alga
ozone a gas molecule that is made up of three oxygen atoms
endosymbiosis a mutually beneficial relationship in which one organism lives within another
Created by: FarlowA20
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