Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Caroline
ch 21 head and face injuries
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how many bones does the skull contain | 28 |
| How many auditory ossicles function in hearing | 6 |
| where are the 6 auditory ossicles located | 3 on each side of the head |
| what consists of 8 bones that encase and protect the brain | cranial vault |
| the paired parietal bones join together at the | sagittal suture |
| the parietal bones abut the frontal bone at the | coronal suture |
| the occipital bone attaches to the parietal bones at the | lambdoid suture |
| fibrous tissues called ____ link the sutures of the skull together | fontanelles |
| at the base of each temporal bone is a cone shaped section of bone known as the | mastoid process |
| The floor of the cranial vault is devided into how many compartments? Name them | 3. Anterior fossa, middle fossa, posterior fossa |
| what forms a prominent bony ridge in the center of the anterior fossa, and is the point of attachment for the meninges | crista galli |
| what are the cranial nerves for smell | the olfactory nerves |
| what is the chamber inside the nose that lies between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth | the nasal cavity |
| what lies on either side of the foramen magnum and are the points of articulation between the skull and the vertebral column | occipital condyles |
| what is the irregular shaped bone in the posterior nasal cavity called | palatine bone |
| what bone extends along the front of the skull below the orbit | zygomatic arch |
| how many facial bones form the structure of the face, without contributing to the cranial vault | 14 |
| two major nerves provide sensory and motor control to the face. Name them | the trigeminal nerve (5th cranial nerve)and the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve) |
| The ophthalmic nerve supplies sense to what | the skin of the forehead, upper eyelid, and conjunctiva |
| the maxillary nerve supplies sense to what | the posterior part of the side of the nose, lower eye lid, cheek, upper lip |
| the mandibular nerve supplies sense to what | the muscles of chewing, skin of the lower lip, chin, temporal region, and part of the external ear |
| the facial nerve supplies sense to what | the muscles for facial expressions |
| Several bones associated with the nose contain cavities known as | the paranasal sinuses |
| What is the largest movable bone forming the lower jaw and containing the lower teeth | mandible |
| what "floats" in the superior aspect of the neck just below the mandible | hyoid bone |
| the eyeball is also know as the | globe |
| the globe is about ___ '' in diameter | 1 |
| what nerve innervates the muscles that cause motion of the eyeballs and the upper eyelids | oculomotor nerve (3rd cranial nerve) |
| the whites of the eye are also known as | the sclera |
| what is the transparent anterior portion of the eye that overlies the iris and pupil | the cornea |
| what is the delicate mucus membrane that covers the sclera and internal surfaces of the eyelids but not the iris | the conjunctiva |
| what is the pigmented part of the eye that surrounds the pupil | the iris |
| what is behind the pupil and iris? It is a transparent structure that can alter it's thickness to focus light on the retina at the back of the eye | the lens |
| what lies in the posterior aspect of the interior globe, is a delicate, 10-layered structure of nervous tissue that extends from the optic nerve | retina |
| the anterior compartment of the eye is filled with a substance that if lost will gradually be replenished. what is it | aqueous humor |
| the posterior chamber of the eye is filled with a substance that if lost will not replenish. What is it | vitreous humor |
| a jelly like substance that maintains the shape of the globe, is | vitreous humor |
| the optic nerve transmits an image to the brain, where it is converted into conscious imigaes in the | visual cortex |
| which vision facilitates visualization of objects directly in front of you | central vision |
| which vision gives us visualization of lateral objects while looking forward | peripheral vision |
| what secrets and drains tears from the eye | lacrimal apparatus |
| the ear is devided into 3 anatomical parts. what are they | external, middle, and inner. |
| vibration of sound waves in against the tympanic membrane sets up vibration in the | ossicles |
| how many permanent teeth does the normal adult mouth contain | 32 |
| the top portion of the tooth is called what | the crown |
| what forms the principal mass of the tooth | dentin |
| the sdockets in the gum for the tooth is called | alveoli |
| the ridges between the teeth are called | alveolar ridges |
| the chewing of food by the teeth is known as | mastication |
| what arteries run laterally to the cervical vertebrae in the posterior part of the neck | the vertebral arteries |
| the brain occupies how much of the cranial vault | 80% |
| there are 4 major regions of the brain. Name them | the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and the cerebellum |
| the brain metabolizes how much of the bodies glucose. In % and in mg/min | 25%, 60mg/min |
| what is the largest portion of the brain, and what is it responsible for | the cerebrum, higher functions such as reasoning |
| what is the largest portion of the cerebrum and what is it responsible for | the cerebral cortex, it regulates voluntary skeletal movement, and level of awareness |
| what lobe is important for voluntary motor action and personality traits | frontal lobe |
| what lobe controls the somatic, and voluntary sensory and motor functions for the opposite side of the body, as well as memory and emotions | parietal lobe |
| what lobe is reponsible for processing visial information | the occipital lobe |
| what lobe is the speech center located in | the temporal lobe |
| where do you find the thalmus, subthalmas, and hypothalmas | the diencephalon |
| what is located beneath the cerebral hemispheres in the inferoposterior part of the brain | the cerebellum |
| what does the brain stem consist of | the pons, midbrain, and the medulla |
| what is responsible for maintenance of consciousness | RAS, reticular activating system |
| what has an important role in coordination of motor movements and posture | basal ganglia |
| what influences emotions, motivation, mood, and sensations of pain and pleasure | limbic system |
| protective layers that surround and enfold the entire CNS are called | Meninges |
| the outer most meninges layer is known as the | dura mater |
| what structure seperates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum and brain stem | tentorium |
| The second meningeal layer is a delicate transparent membrane called | the arachnoid |
| the third meningeal layer is known as the | pia mater |
| where are the meningeal arteries located | between the dura mater and the skull |
| bleeding above the dura mater is known as what type of bleed | epidural hematoma |
| where is CSF manufactured | in the ventricales of the brain |
| how much force is required to fracture the maxilla | up to 150g |
| what is dental malocclusion | misalignment of the teeth |
| what is a Le Forte I fracture | a horizontal fracture of the maxilla |
| what is a Le Forte II fracture | a pyramidal fracture involving the nasal bone, and the inferior maxilla |
| what is a Le Forte III fracture | a fracture of all midfacial bones, seperating the entire midface from the cranium |
| what is diplopia | double vision |
| what is the most common type of orbit fracture | inferior |
| ~ how many eye injuries occure in the united states each year | 1.5 million |
| if there is a laceration of the globe itself what shouldn't you do | apply pressure to the eye |
| what is bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye that obscures vision | Hyphema |
| what is seperation of the inner layers of the retina from the underlying choroid | retinal detachment |
| what is the most important symptom of an eye injury | visual loss that does not improve when the patient blinks |
| what is the condition in which the pupils are not of equal size | Anisocoria |
| If part of the globe is exposed what should you do | gently apply a moist sterile dressing to prevent drying |
| when flushing an eye, you should always flush from what side of the eye | the nose side, so you don't flush the material into the unaffected eye |
| what are the three different types of contact lenses. | hard, rigid gaspermeable, and soft |
| when is the only indication for removing contact lenses in the field | a chemical burn, because the chemical might be trapped under the contact lens |
| What is the Pinna | the ear |
| when caring for an avulsed tooth, what shouldn't you do, and what should you preserve it in | touch the root, and cold whole milk or sterile water or saline |
| what should you do with an open neck would | seal it with an occlusive dressing immediately |
| what is tracheal transection | when the trachea is seperated from the larynx |
| what can be used as a fast way to seal a small hole in the chest | ECK electrodes |
| what does BTF stand for | brain trauma foundation |
| according to BTF how many deaths occur anually from severe head injury | 52,000 |
| scalp lacerations often what | indicate deeper more severe injuries |
| skull fractures are broken down into four different types. What are they | Linear, depressed, basilar, open |
| Which fracture accounts for 80% of all fractures to the skull | linear skull fractures |
| what skull fracture results from high-energy direct trauma to a small surface area of the head with a blunt object | Depressed |
| What 2 regions of the skull are most susceptible to a depressed skull fracture due to bone thickness | the frontal and parietal |
| What skull fracture is associated with high energy trauma, but they usually occur following diffuse impact to the head | Basilar |
| What is defined as a traumatic insult to the brain capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and vocational changes | traumatic brain injury |
| Normal ICP in adults ranges from | 0-15mm Hg |
| what is the pressure of blood flow through the brain | CPP, Cerebral profusion pressure |
| what is the average pressure against the arterial wall during a cardiac cycle | MAP, Mean arterial pressure |
| What is the critical minimum threshold | the minimum CPP required to adequately to profuse the brain |
| what is the minimum CPP required to profuse the brain | 60mm Hg |
| A CPP below 60mm Hg does what | doubles the patients chance of dying |
| The body responds to a decrease in CPP by increasing the MAP. This is known as | autoregulation |
Created by:
klindley
Popular Paramedic/EMT sets