Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Renal
Chapter 27 Urinary Tract Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lithiasis | Stone formation |
| Incidence and risk factors for patient with a Urinary Tract Tumor | - Males over age 60 - White |
| Incidence and risk factors for patient with a Urinary Tract Tumor | - Presence of carcinogens in urine - Chronic inflammation or infection of bladder mucosa |
| Congenital or acquired risk factors for Bladder Cancer | - Chronic UTIs or calculi - Schistosoma haematobium - Infection/dev of squamous cell of the bladder |
| Behavioral risk factors for Bladder Cancer | - Smoking - Occupational exposure to chemicals - Residence in urban areas |
| Other risk factors for Bladder Cancer | - Exposure to toxins, esp chemicals used in hairdressing, rubber, paint, electric cable and textile industries increase the risk of bladder cancer. - Smoking is a major risk factor for bladder cancer |
| Pathophysiology of patient with a Urinary Tract Tumor | – Most common in bladder – Most are papillary lesions (papillomas) polyp-like – Carcinoma in situ (CIS) rarer with poorer prognosis – Grade I tumors (highly differentiated) – Grade III tumors (poorly differentiated) becomes invasive |
| Manifestations of patient with a Urinary Tract Tumor | – Painless hematuria – Signs of UTI – Obstruction of urinary outflow – Colicky pain – Renal failure |
| Diagnosis test for Urinary Tract Tumor | – Urinalysis – Urine cytology – Ultrasound of the bladder, intravenous pyelography – Cystoscopy and ureteroscopy – CT scan or MRI |
| Diagnostic Assessment for Urinary Tract Tumor | - The only significant finding on a routine urinalysis is gross or microscopic hematuria. - Cystoscopy usually performed to evaluate painless hematuria with biopsy of any visible mass of the bladder. |
| Medications for patient with a Urinary Tract Tumor | - Intravesical instillation of immunologic or chemotherapeutic agents (primary tx of multiple early stage lesions) - Bacille Calmette-Guérin - Antituberculin treatment for complications |
| Surgery for patient with a Urinary Tract Tumor | - Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (excision) - Partial cystectomy (remove solitary lesion) - Complete or radical cystectomy (tx for invasive tumors) - Prostate or hysterectomy/bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy - Urinary diversion |
| Urinary Diverersion Ostomies (Cutaneous uterterostomy ) | Ureter opening is brought out onto the skin |
| Ileal Conduit | - Ureters are surgical placed in the ilium and urine is collected in a pouch on the skin around the stoma. |
| Urinary Retention | Incomplete emptying of the bladder |
| Pathophysiology of Urinary Retention | – Mechanical obstruction (e.g., BPH, stricture, calculi) – Fecal impaction – Acute inflammation – Scarring from repeat UTI |
| Pathophysiology of Urinary Retention | – Surgery affecting detrusor muscle function – Long-standing diabetes and drugs – Anticholinergic medications – Voluntary urinary retention |
| Urinary Retention can lead to | - Overdistention of bladder - Weak detrusor muscle - Inability to urinate - Hydroureter or hydronephrosis |
| Manifestations of Urinary Retention | – Firm, distended bladder – Overflow voiding or incontinence – Percussion of the lower abdomen reveals a dull tone |
| Diagnosis of Urinary Retention | – Bladder scan – Insert a urinary catheter and measure the urine output |
| Treatment of Urinary Retention | – Indwelling or intermittent catheterization – Cholinergic medications – Removal of calculi – Resection of prostate if related to BPH |
| Patient Education for Urinary Retention | – Intermittent self-catheterization – Avoidance of OTC medications with anticholinergic effect – Bladder training information – Care of indwelling catheter – Signs of UTI |
| Neurogenic Bladder | - Results from disruption of central or peripheral nervous systems linked to bladder function |
| Pathophysiology of Neurogenic Bladder | - Flaccid bladder dysfunction - Detrusor muscle contraction impaired - Caused by myelomeningocele or spinal injury |
| Diagnosis of Neurogenic Bladder | – Urine culture – Urinalysis – Postvoid bladder scan – Cystometrography |
| Medications for Neurogenic Bladder | – Anticholinergic drugs to treat spastic bladder – Cholinergic drugs to stimulate micturition |
| Anticholinergic drugs | Substance that blocks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and the peripheral nervous system. |
| Cholinergic drugs | Medications that produce the same effects as the parasympathetic nervous system. |
| Interprofessional Care for Neurogenic Bladder | - Measures to reduce the risk of UTI or calculi - Bladder retraining |
| Bladder retraining | – The Credé's method - For spastic neurogenic bladder |
| Bladder retraining | – Intermittent catheterization - For flaccid neurogenic bladder |
| Surgery for Neurogenic Bladder | – Rhizotomy – Urinary diversion – Artificial sphincter implant |
| Continuity of care for Neurogenic Bladder | – Measures to stimulate reflex voiding and promote bladder emptying – Use of prescribed medication – Manifestations of UTI or urolithiasis, how to reduce risk |
| Urinary Incontinence | - Involuntary urination – Physical problems – Psychosocial consequences |
| Pathophysiology of Urinary Incontinence | - Results when the pressure within urinary bladder exceeds urethral resistance - May be an acute, self-limited disorder or chronic |
| Causes of incontinence | – Congenital – Acquired – Reversible |
| Types of incontinence | – Stress incontinence – Urge incontinence – Overflow incontinence – Functional incontinence – Mixed incontinence – Total incontinence |
| Diagnosis of Urinary Incontinence | – Urinalysis and urine culture – Postvoiding residual (PVR) – Bladder stress testing – Cystometrography – Uroflowmetry – Cystoscopy or ultrasonography |
| Medications for Stress Urge Incontinence | - Teaching - Pelvic muscle exercise - Duloxetine |
| Medications for UI associated with postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis | - Estrogen therapy |
| Medications for Urge Incontinence | - Preparations that increase bladder capacity - Use a barrier cream to prevent skin breakdown |
| Surgery for Urinary Incontinence | – Suspension of the bladder neck – Prostatectomy – Artificial sphincter – Urethral sling – Bladder augmentation |
| Complementary therapies for Urinary Incontinence | – Biofeedback and relaxation techniques |
Created by:
pdimple
Popular Nursing sets