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Bio ecology definiti
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Community | All the populations in a defined area |
| Ecosystem | A community plus all the non-living matter in the area, e.g a forest includes not only the inhabitants but also the non-living parts of the soil |
| Heterotroph | Organism that obtains its energy by feeding on other organisms |
| Consumer | Organism that feeds on other organisms or parts of other organisms which it kills in the process. |
| Herbivore | Animal that feeds on plants |
| Carnivore | Animal that feeds on other animals |
| Omnivore | Animal that feeds on both plants and animals |
| Parasite | Organism that feeds on another organism (the host) without killing it |
| Decomposer | Organism that feeds on dead organic matter |
| Energy and nutrient flow | The energy that drives an ecosystem is ultimately converted to heat which cannot be re-used and is radiated out into space. Energy flow through and ecosystem is thus linear. Matter on the other hand is recycled |
| Food Chain | A series of organisms through which energy flows; first link is always a plant |
| Grazing food chain | Food chain in which the first link is living plant matter and the second kink is a herbivore |
| Detritus food chain | Food chain in which the first link is dead plant matter and the second link is a decomposer |
| Food web | A system of interconnected food chains |
| Trophic level | Position of an organism in a food chain; p;ants occupy the first trophic level, herbivores the second, ect |
| Food pyrimid | A graphic representation of the structure of a food chain, depicted as a pyramid having a broad base formed by producers and tapering to a point formed by end consumers. |
| Succession | Progressive change in the composition of a community over time, leading eventually to a stable climax community. Primary succession begins with initially hostile conditions that are gradually made more fertile as a result of colonisation in pioneer plants |
| Stratification | Vertical layering of the vegetation in a forest into emergents, canopy, sub-canopy, shrub layer, ground layer |
| Zonation | Change in the composition of a community along a physical environmental gradient, e.g up a rocky shore of up a mountain |
| Habitat | The place where an organism lives |
| Environment | The sum total of all the factors in the surroundings that influence an organism |
| Niche | The way an organism makes its living, its role in the community |
| Adaptation | Any inherited feature that increases the chances that an organism will survive and reproduce |
| Physical environment | Includes factors such as temperature, light intensity, humidity, salinity, pH, wind, and waterflow |
| Biotic environment | Includes factors such as food, organisms, competition, predation, paratism |
Created by:
brianalyonswh
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