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Tissues
Chapter 3: Tissues
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 4 major tissues that make up the human body? | epithelial connective muscular nervous |
| Classification of the epithelial tissues is based on? | covering and lining |
| What are the general features of epithelium? Is it a vascular or an avascular tissue? | cells are densely packed, little extracellular space have various surfaces: lateral, apical (free surface), basal surfaces basement membrane: a thin extracellular layer avascular |
| Simple Squamous | Structure: single layer of flatten cells with dust-shaped nuclei and sparse cytoplasm Function: diffusion and filtration provide a slick, friction-reducing lining in lymphatic and cardiovascular system |
| Simple Cuboidal | Structure: Single layer of cube like cells with large, spherical central nuclei Function: secretion and absorption |
| Simple Columnar | Structure: Single layer of tall cells with oval nuclei, many contain cells Function: absorption and secretion |
| Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar | Structure: single layer with different heights, some don't reach are surface Function: secretion and propulsion of mucus by ciliary action |
| Transitional epithelium | Structure: Several cell layers, basal cells are cuboidal, surface cells are dome shaped Function: Stretches to permit the dissension of the urinary bladder |
| Holocrine Glands | mature cell dies and becomes secretory product, sebaceous gland of the skin |
| Merocrine Glands | Form the secretory product and release it from the cell, salivary glands |
| Apocrine Glands | Pinched off portion of cell is secretion, human |
| Endocrine Glands | NO DUCTS produce hormones secretion include amino acids, proteins, glycoproteins, and steroids |
| Exocrine Glands | DUCTS more numerous than endocrine glands secrete their products onto body surfaces(skin) or into body cavities |
| Example of Connective Tissue | blood, cartilage, bone, adipose tissue |
| Type of cells are in the connective tissue? | Fibroblast Mast cell Plasma cell Macrophages |
| Fibroblasts | function: present in all CT; secrete fibers and ground substance |
| Mast Cell | secrete histamine |
| Plasma Cell | secrete antibodies |
| Macrophages | engulf foreign agents and damaged cells |
| 3 type of fibers in the connective tissue? | Collagen Fibers Elastic Fibers Reticular Fibers |
| What tissue contains all 3 type of the fibers? | areolar connective tissue |
| Collagen Fiber | Most common in the body, dermis level consists of protein collagen very strong, but also flexible, provides high tensile strength in most CT: bones, cartilage, tendon, ligaments |
| Elastic Fiber | consist of elastic, fibrillin elasticity plentiful in skin, blood vessel walls, and lung tissue |
| Reticular Fiber | consists of collagen and a coating of glycoprotein provide support and strength also from Stroma of many soft organs, spleen |
| What type of tissues are avascular? | Cartilage, epithelium |
| What is the strongest cartilage? | Fibrocartilage |
| What tissue would take the longest time to heal? | Cartilage |
| What two types of tissues make up an epithelial membrane? | An epithelial membrane consists of an epithelial layer and an underlying connective tissue layer. |
| What type of the membrane lines the cavity that opens to the exterior? | Mucous membrane (mucosa) |
| What type of the membrane does not open to the exterior? | Serous membrane (serosa) |
| Areolar Loose connective tissue | has several types of cells including fibroblasts, macrophages, etc. has all three types of fibers - ground substance is semifluid located in subcutaneous layer of skin, blood vessels, etc. provides strength, elasticity, and support |
| Dense Irregular connective tissue | contains fibroblasts scattered among randomly oriented (i.e., irregularly arranged) collagen fibers llocated in dermis, periosteum, heart valves, etc. provides strength |
| Dense Regular Connective tissue | contains rows of fibroblasts located between numerous parallel (i.e., regularly arranged) bundles of collagen fibers forms tendons and most ligaments provides strong attachment between various structures |
| Adipose Connective Tissue | contains adipocytes that store triglycerides located in subcutaneous layer, around organs, etc. - white adipose tissue insulates, stores energy reserves, supports and protects various organs; brown adipose tissue generates heat in the newborn |
Created by:
_melgozacaroo15
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