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Science Vocab Review
Review for end-of-year vocab test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Scientific method | The principles and procedures used by scientists to learn more about science |
| Observation | Recognizing something by using your senses (sight, smell, touch, etc.) |
| Analysis | This step of the scientific method occurs when scientists write down data from an experiment. |
| Hypothesis | A step of the scientific method which is a tentative assumption or prediction that one can test. |
| Experiment | A test or trial carried out under controlled conditions in order to answer a scientific question |
| Theory | A general principle that has been well tested, offered to try to explain a phenomena |
| Law | A statement which has been proven by scientists that explain scientific phenomena |
| Prediction | To declare or indicate in advance on the basis of observation, experience, or scientific reason |
| Metric System | The measuring system most widely used by scientists today |
| Meter | Metric standard for the measurement of length |
| Length | The distance between two points |
| Gram | Metric standard for the measurement of mass |
| Mass | How much matter an object contains |
| Liter | Metric standard for the measurement of volume |
| Watt | Unit of power |
| Time | The interval between two events |
| Celsius | Metric standard for the measurement of temperature |
| Newton | Metric standard for the measurement of weight |
| Weight | The measure of the force of gravity |
| Temperature | The measure of average kinetic energy |
| Volume | How much space an object occupies |
| Density | The measure of how close together or far apart molecules are in a sample of matter |
| Newton’s 3rd Law | Every action has an equal and opposite reaction |
| Law of conservation of energy | The rule that energy cannot be created or destroyed |
| Plasma | The fourth state of matter containing so much energy that the electrons are stripped from their energy levels |
| Liquid | State of matter which exhibits constant volume but not constant shape |
| Solid | State of matter which exhibits constant volume and constant shape |
| Gas | A substance that has no definite shape or definite volume |
| Inertia | The tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion |
| Balanced Force | Equal forces acting on an object in opposite directions |
| Unbalanced Force | Force exerted on an object that causes it to move |
| Buoyancy | The upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object |
| Friction | The force that a surface exerts onto another surface when they are rubbed together |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy that is in motion |
| Potential Energy | Energy that is stored and held in readiness |
| Acceleration | Speed in a given direction |
| Net force | The overall force on an object when all the individual forces acting on the object are added together |
| Gravity | The force that pulls all objects together |
| Gravity | Force of attraction between all objects that have mass |
| Acid | A substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals, turns blue litmus paper red, and is 0 – 6 on a pH scale |
| Base | A substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, turns red litmus paper blue, and is 8 – 14 on a pH scale |
| Periodic Table of Elements | An organized chart of the known substances found in the universe |
| Atomic Number | On the periodic table, this refers to the number of protons an atom has in the nucleus |
| Atomic Mass | On the periodic table, this refers to the weighted average of the atom’s isotope masses |
| Indicators | These help scientists determine if a substance is an acid or a base |
| Neutron | The small particles in an element with no charge |
| Electron | The negatively charged particle in an element |
| Element | A substance that can’t be broken down into any other substance |
| Product | Substances that exist after a chemical reaction takes place |
| Reactants | Substances that exist before a chemical reaction takes place |
| Valence electrons | The outermost electrons in an atom |
| Neutralization | This is the reaction between an acid and a base |
| Proton | Positively charged particles in an element |
| Mixture | Two or more substances physically combined together |
| Nucleus | The central part of the smallest particle of an element |
| Isotopes | An atom or a group of atoms that either have a positive or negative charge |
| Solvent | This is the part of the solution that dissolves the smaller particles in a solution |
| Solute | These are the dissolved particles in a solution |
| Covalent Bond | A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons |
| Ionic Bond | A chemical bond formed from atoms of opposite charges |
| Simple Machine | An object which helps you do work by changing the amount or direction of the force you need to apply |
| Screw | An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder |
| Pulley | A grooved wheel with a rope that helps lower or raise things |
| Inclined Plane | A flat, slanted surface used to help lifting or lowering things |
| Lever | A rigid object that pivots about a fixed point |
| Wedge | A device which is thick at one end and thin at the other end and it helps to reduce work |
| Heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| Survival of the Fittest | The theory that the strongest organisms live and the weaker ones die |
| Forensics | The process of using scientific evidence to help solve crimes |
| Genotype | This represents the genetic code (examples – BB, Bb, bb) received from your parents for a trait |
| Phenotype | This represents the physical traits (examples – brown hair, blue eyes) received from your parents for a trait that can be seen |
| Hybrid | When an organism has both a dominant and recessive gene code for a trait (Example – Tt) |
| Genes | Factors which determine the traits you inherit from your parents |
| Gregor Mendel | This scientist is known as the “Father of Genetics” |
| Dmitri Mendeleev | This scientist came up with a way to organize chemical elements |
| Albert Einstein | This scientist came up with the theory of relativity |
| Archimedes | This scientist is known for his work with fluid displacement |
| Isaac Newton | This scientist came up with theories on motion and gravity |
| Galileo Galilei | This scientist came up with many theories about the organization of the universe |
| Antoine Lavoisier | This scientist studied how materials react with each other |
| Radiation | The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves |
| Voltage | Potential difference; “the push” which gets electricity flowing |
| Amperage | The amount of flow of electrical current through material |
| Heat | Thermal energy that is transferred from one substance to another |
| Convection | The transfer of heat by the movement of currents within a gas or liquid |
| Conduction | The transfer of heat between particles within a substance |
| Momentum | The product of an object’s mass and velocity |
| Resistance | The opposition to the movement of electrical charges flowing through material |
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epenrod.clm
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