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micro-catabolism

micro lecture 2-catabolism

QuestionAnswer
What are the two mechanisms for energy conservation in chemoorganotrophs, and how are they similar, how are they different? fermentation and respiration, in both the synethesis of ATP is driven by the energy released in oxidative-reduction reactions, fermentation is without oxygen, respiration is with oxygen.
How does fermentaion and respiration differ in the mechanism by which ATP is synthesized? In fermentation ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation, and in respiration ATP is produced from oxidative phosphorylation.
Sbstrate-level Phosphorylation ATP is synthesized during steps in the catabolism of an organic compound
Oxidative phosphorylation ATP is produced at the expense of the proton motive force, energized membrane
Photo-phosphorylation a third form of ATP synthesis, occurs in phototrophic organisms, similar to oxidative phosphorylation except light is used instead of chemical compound drives redox reactions that generate proton motive force
What are the major things to know about glycolysis? Breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, requires ATP to phosphorylate glucose twice, NAD is reduced to get NADH which are recycled later, net ATP is +2, also get 2 pyruvate
What is the importance of pyruvate? All fermentation products are made from pyruvate, such as lactate and ethanol
What is the role of NAD/NADH in glycolysis? electron transport
Why does fermentaion only release a small amount of energy from the primary electron donor? the carbon is not completely oxidized and the difference in E0 is small
Aerobic resperation oxidation in which O2 is the final electron acceptor
What are the two types of electron transport carriers and what are exmples of each? Protien-NADH dehydrogenase, flavoprotiens, Iron-sulfur protiens, Cytochromes; Non-protien carriers- Quinones
NADH dehydrogenases membrane bound, binds NADH, transfers 2e and 2H to flavoprotiens
Flavoprotiens protiens bound to riboflavin derivative, accepts 2e and 2H from NADH dehydrogenase, donates 2e to next carrier
Iron sulfur protiens Non-heme, carry electrons ONLY, electon potentials vary, contain Fe-S clusters
Cytochromes heme prosthetic group, iron center, single electron transfer, reduction potentials vary
Quinones hydrophobic, found in membrane, accepts 2e and 2H from previous carrier, donates 2e to next carrier
What does electon transport allow for? separation of protons and electrons, the transfer of protons outside charges membrane like a battery, the potential energy is used to do work in the cell
Inhibitors block electron transport, prevent establishment of a proton gradient, examples are carbon monoxide and cyanide
uncouplers allow protiens to pass across the membrane by making them leaky, which bypasses the use of ATPase, example is dinitriphenol
What is the importance of the CAC cycle? pyruvate is completely oxidized to CO2, many ATP produced, key role in catabolism, a number of the key intermediates can be drawn off for biosynthetic purposes
How does the role of pyruvate differ in fermentation and respiration? In fermentation pyruvate is reduced and converted to fermentation products, but in respiration pyruvate is completely oxidized to form CO2
What do the CAC and glycolysis have in common? both used for energy production, reducing potential and intermediates for biosynthetic needs
What are the catabolic alternatives? Anaerobic respiration, Chemolithotrophy and photoprophy
anaearobic respiration a mode of respiratory energy generation in which electron acceptors are anything other than oxygen, such as sulfate and ferric iron
chemolithotrphy an alternate mode of energy generation that involves inorganic chemicals rather than organic
phototrophy the use of light in ATP synthesis
Created by: danivt122
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