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Bio- Chapter 10

DNA and RNA

QuestionAnswer
adenine a nitrogen-containing base that is a component of a nucleoid. pairs with thymine
base-pairing rule the rule stating that in DNA, cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with thymine and in RNA, adenine pairs with uracil
cytosine a nitrogen-containing base: a pyrimidine of DNA and RNA- pairs with guanine
DNA polymerase an enzyme that binds tot he separate strands of DNA and assembles each strand's complement in replication
double helix the stucture of DNA
guanine a nitrogen-containing base that is a complement of a nucleatoide- pairs with cytosine
helicase enzymes that split DNA molecules
mutation a change/mistake in DNA
nitrogen-containing base a DNA nucleotoid containing nitrogen, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate group
purine an organic molecule that has a double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms
pyrimidine an organic molecule that has a double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms
replication the process by which DNA copies itself during interphase
replication fork the points at which the DNA strands separate during replication
thymine a nitrogen-containing base, one component of a nucleoide. pairs with adenine
mRNA the type of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosmes
promoter a nucleiod sequence in a DNA molecule that, when attached to a RNA molecule, will initiate transcription of a specific structural gene
ribose the five-carbon sugar in RNA
rRNA the type of RNA found in a ribosome
RNA polymerase the primary transcription enzyme
termination signal a specific sequence of nucleoids that marks the end of a gene
transcripition the process in which RNA is made form DNA
tRNA the type of RNA that carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes
uracil a nitrogen-containing base that is found in RNA, it replaces thynine, and matches adenine
anticodon a region of tRNA consisting of three bases complemantary toothe codon of mRNA
codon a series of 3 nucleotiods in mRNA
genetic code sequence of nuciotides that code for amino acids
protein synthesis the formation of proteins using information coded on DNA and carried by RNA
DNAase checks DNA to see if there are any mistakes
start codon the codon AUG which engages a ribosome to start translating a ribosome to start translating an mRNA molecule
stop codon causes the ribosome to stop translating mRNA; UAA, UAG, UGA
RNA translation mRNA to tRNA
RNA transcription 1)promoters, 2)RNA polymerase, 3)terminator
DNA replication 1)helicaes, 2)DNA polymerase, 3)DNAases
Protien Synthesis 1)RNA transpcription, 2)RNA moves from the nucleus to the ribosme, 3)mRNA read by rRNA, 3)anticodon formed by tRNA, 5)tRNA finds amino acids- brought back to ribosome, 6) amino acid seg. formed by peptide bond
DNA is found...? in the nucleus in the form of chromosomes
DNA alphabet Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine
Carbon forms...? 4 bonds- hydrogen, phosphate, oxygen, nitrogen
Carbon forms____types of bonds 4; single, double or triple. MUST HAVE 4
Nitrogen Bases DNA alphabet
6 molecules that make up DNA Deoxyribose, phosphate, adenine, cytosine, guanine, thynine
3 molecules make up a nucleoide deoxyribose, phosphatem, nitrogen
2 types of mutations substitution and deletion
Single helix RNA structure
6 molecules in a RNA molecule ribose, phosphate, adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil
RNA alphabet adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil
3 types of RNA messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA
structure of a protien a secuence of amino acids
amino acid organic compounds that exsist- your body makes 12, 8 you get from diet
Created by: sng4fd
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