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Rocks
Rock Cycle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How are Igneous rocks formed? | They are formed when magma COOLS and HARDENS. |
| How are Metamorphic rocks formed? | They are formed under the surface of the earth from intense HEAT and PRESSURE. |
| How are Sedimentary rocks formed? | They are formed from particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of material that come together by COMPACTING and CEMENTING. |
| Sediment | loose pieces of materials and rocks. |
| Rock Cycle | a useful way to show how the three main types of rock are related to one another and how changes to rocks happen in a sequence. |
| What causes sediment to turn into sedimentary rock? | Compacting and cementing (it is pressed together to form the rock). |
| What causes metamorphic rock to turn into igneous rock? | Melting and cooling |
| Sedimentary rock | It is fairly soft and may break apart or crumble easily. Examples of this rock type include conglomerate and limestone. |
| Igneous rock | It looks shiny and glass-like. Sometimes there are tiny holes and spaces in the rock. Examples of this rock type include basalt and obsidian. |
| Metamorphic rock | It has ribbon-like layers and may have shiny crystals on their surface. Examples of this rock type include gneiss and marble. |
| What are the processes that change rock? | Heat and pressure, compacting and cementing, weathering and erosion, melting and cooling. |
| What changes sedimentary rock to metamorphic rock? | Heat and pressure |
| What changes metamorphic rock to magma? | Melting changes one to the other |
| What changes magma to igneous rock? | Cooling changes one to the other |
| What changes igneous rock to sediment? | Weathering and erosion changes one to the other |
| What changes sediment to sedimentary rock? | Compacting and cementing changes one to the other |
| 2 Types of Metamorphic | Marble (bumpy/rough) Gneiss (rough). |
| 2 Types of Sedimentary | Sandstone (smooth) Conglomerate (bumpy) |
| 2 Types of Igneous | Granite (rough) Basalt (pointy edges) |