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Chapter 2 Vocab

TermDefinition
Element A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical or physical needs
Atomic number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Energy level One of several distinct regions around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are located
Isotope an atom with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons for a given element; it's mass is different from that of its given element
Mass number The number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom
compound A substance formed but the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions and usually having properties different from that of its given elements
Chemical bond A force that holds together atoms that form a compound
Ion Ann atom or molecule that possesses an electric charge
ionic bond A bond that forms between negative and positive charges
Covalent bond A bond that forms when atoms share electrons
metallic bond A bond that forms when electrons are shared by metal ions
Mineral A naturally occuring inorganic crystalline material with a unique chemical composition
silicate any one of numerous minerals that have the oxygen and silicon tetrahedron as their basic structure
silicon-oxygen tetrahedron a structure composed of four oxygen atoms surrounding a silicon atom which constitutes the basic building block of silicate materials
Streak the color of a mineral in its powdered form
Luster The appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral
crystal form The external appearance of a mineral is determined by its internal arrangement of atoms
Hardness The resistance a mineral offers to scratching
Mohs Scale A series of 10 minerals used as a standard in determining hardness
Cleavage The tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weak bonding
Fracture Any break or rupture in a rock along which no appreciable moment has taken place
Density Mass per unit volume of a substance usually expressed as grams per cubic centimeter
Created by: kelsey_schieffer
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