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Information Process

Contains the Vocabulary for the Information Processing Unit

TermDefinition
Sensory Neuron Nerve cells that transmit sensory information; pain, touch, vision, taste, hearing.
Interneuron A neuron that forms a connection between other neurons; enables an organism to perceive its surroundings, think and see.
Motor Neuron A nerve cell that carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles to produce movement
Autonomic Neuron A nerve cell that controls involuntary or partially voluntary actions of your body; examples: heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and temperature regulation
Neuron A specialized cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.
Nerve Impulse A signal transmitted along a nerve fiber.
Synapse Sends electrical impulses to neighboring neurons.
Myelin Sheath Covers the axon and work like insulation to help keep electrical signals inside the cell, which allows them to move more quickly.
Axon Transfers electrical impulse signals away from the cell body to the synapse.
Soma The cell body which contains most of the cell’s organelles.
Nucleus Contains the cell’s DNA.
Dendrite Receives electrical impulses from neighboring neurons.
Glial Cell Play a supporting role in neural network. Has two major functions: creates myelin sheath and cleans up after neuron death.
Parasympathetic Nervous System Part of the involuntary (autonomic) nervous system. Controls involuntary action (ex. heart rate)
Sympathetic Nervous System Responsible for fight/flight responses. (adrenaline induced movement like fear or surprise)
Peripheral Nervous System Includes all nerve tissue outside the brain and spinal cord.
Central Nervous System Includes the Brain and the spinal cord
Sensory/somatic Nervous System Responsible for carrying messages between the Central Nervous System and the body's sensory organs and voluntary muscles.
Communication Neurons Transmits information throughout the brain regions
Computation Neurons Extracts/Processes/Compares to prior experiences and then makes responses.
Afferent Pathways Carrying sensory information toward a central organ or part, as a nerve that conducts impulses from the periphery of the body to the central nervous system.
Efferent Pathways Carrying impulses from the central nervous system to an effector (muscles, organs, etc)
Created by: jhotchkiss
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