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18-Week Assessment
Science 18 Week Assessment Study Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bowen's Reaction Series | The simplified pattern that illustrates the order in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma according to their chemical composition |
| Igneous Rock | Rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies |
| Partial Melting | The process by which different minerals in rock melt at different temperatures. |
| Porphyritic | Igneous rock that has a mixture of large and small crystals. |
| Vesicular | Igneous rock that had a rapid cooling process produces a rock full of holes. |
| Felsic | Magma or igneous rock that is rich in feld spars and silica and that is generally light in color |
| Mafic | Magma or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron and that is generally dark in color |
| Understand how the rate of cooling influences the grain size of igneous rocks. | |
| Understand how intrusions form, and know examples | Rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath Earths surface |
| Understand how extrusions forma and know examples | Rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at Earths surface |
| Granite | Coarse Grained |
| Obsidian | Glassy |
| Basalt | |
| Pumice | Vesicular |
| Sedimentary Rock | Types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water |
| Compaction | The process in which the volume and porosity of a sediment is decreased by the weight of overlaying sediments as a result of burial beneath other sediments. |
| Cementation | The process in which minerals precipitate into pore spaces between sediment grains and bind sediments together to form rock |
| Chemical Sedimentary Rocks(Evaporates) | Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals precipitate from a solution of settle from a suspension |
| Organic Sedimentary Rocks | Sedimentary rock that forms from the remains of plants or animals |
| Clastic Sedimentary Rocks | Sedimentary rock that forms when fragments of preexisting rocks are compacted of cemented togerther |
| Sorting | The tendency for currents of air or water to separate sediments according to size |
| Angularity | When particles first break from the source rock, they tend to be angular and uneven |
| Understand the different features of sedimentary rocks and how they form. | |
| Halite | Halite forms isometric crystals. ... It commonly occurs with other evaporite deposit minerals such as several of the sulfates, halides, and borates. |
| Coal | Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. |
| Limestone | a hard sedimentary rock, composed mainly of calcium carbonate or dolomite, used as building material and in the making of cement. |
| Shale | Consists of clay-sized particles that are cemented and compacted. |
| Sandstone | Sand-sized grains that have been cemented together. |
| Contact Metamorphism | A change in the texture, structure, or chemical composition |
| Regional Metamorphism | A change in the texture, structure or chemical composition |
| Foliated | The metamorphic rock texture which mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands. |
| Non-Foliated | The metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands |
| Understand how the different types of metamorphic rocks could be used as building materials | |
| Slate | It is the finest grained foliated metamorphic rock. |
| Schist | a coarse-grained metamorphic rock that consists of layers of different minerals and can be split into thin irregular plates. |
| Gneiss | a metamorphic rock with a banded or foliated structure, typically coarse-grained and consisting mainly of feldspar, quartz, and mica. |
| Quartzite | Sandstone is converted into quartzite through heating and pressure usually related to tectonic compression within orogenic belts. |
| Marble | Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite. |
| Continental Drift | The hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations. |
| Sea-floor spreading | The process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms as magma rises to earth's surface. |
| Mid-ocean ridge | A long undersea mountain chain that has a steep, narrow valley at its center, that forms as magma rises from the asthenosphere, and that creates new oceanic lithosphere as tectonic plates move apart. |
| Who proposed hypothesis of continental drift | Alfred Wegener |
| Evidence for continental drift | Wegener hypothesized that the continents once formed part of a single landmass called a supercontinent. According to Wegener this supercontinent began breaking up into smaller continents. |
| Lithosphere | The solid outer layer of earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the matle |
| Asthenosphere | The solid, plastic layer of the mantl |
| Divergent Boundary | is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other. |
| Convergent Boundary | boundaries that form where two plates collide. |
| Transform Boundary | is a type of fault whose relative motion is predominantly horizontal, |
| Subduction zones | |
| Ring of Fire | A ring of volcanoes surrounding the pacific ocean. |
| Number of major tectonic plates worldwide; name of "our" tectonic plate. | |
| Evidence of plate boundaries | |
| Examples of plate boundaries. | |
| Rifting | |
| Terrane | |
| Craton | |
| Shield | |
| Accretion | |
| Pangaea | |
| Panthalassa | |
| The effects of continental change; example Madagascar | |
| The formation of Pangaea | |
| The breakup of Pangaea | |
| Elastic rebound | |
| Focus | |
| Epicenter | |
| Seismic Waves | |
| Fault zone | |
| Understand how stress builds up along a fault and gets released. | |
| Understand how the DEPTH OF FOCUS affects an equake's intensity | |
| Know where equake's are most likely to happen | |
| Seismograph | |
| Seismogram | |
| Magnitude | |
| Intensity | |
| Understand the difference between the RICHTER SCALE and the MOMENT MAGNITUDE SALE for measuring an equake's magnitude | |
| Understand how the MODIFIED MERCAlLLI SCALE is used to measure an equake's intensity. | |
| Tsunami | |
| Seismic Gap | |
| Understand how an equake and affect building and property | |
| Understand what people should do before, during and after an equake to be safe. | |
| Understand how equake warning and forecasts can be developed | |
| Magma | |
| Lava | |
| Vent | |
| Hot Spot | |
| Fissure | |
| Understand the formation of the Hawaiian Islands. | |
| Mafic | Light |
| Felsic | Dark |
| Viscosity | |
| Pyroclastic Material | |
| Caldera | |
| Understand the differences between mafic and felsic lava's. (Composition, what type of crust they are associated with, their viscosity), and how they are related to the different types of eruptions. | |
| Understand the three types of volcanic cones-shield volcanoes, cinder cones, and composite volcanoes. Which events may signal an impending volcanic eruption. |
Created by:
Randy Nguyenđ˘
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