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Chapter 12.1
Chapter 12.1 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sex chromosome | one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
| autosome | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
| sex-linked trait | a trait that is determined by a gene found on one of the sex chromosomes, such as the X chromosome of the Y chromosome in humans |
| linked gene | pairs of genes that tend to be inherited together |
| chromosome map | a diagram of gene positions on a chromosome |
| map unit | a frequency of crossing-over |
| germ-cell mutation | occur in and organism's gametes. they don't affect the organism itself but they pass on to the offspring |
| somatic-cell mutation | take place in an organism's body cells and can therefore affect the organism. they cannot be inherited |
| lethal mutation | a gene or chromosomal mutation that influences the development of an organism in such a way that the organism cannot survive |
| deletion | the loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome |
| inversion | a reversal in the order of the genes, or of a chromosome segment, within a chromosome |
| translocation | the movement of a segment of DNA from one chromosome to another, which results in a change in the position of the segment: also the movement of soluble nutrients from one part of a plant to another |
| nondisjunction | the failure of homologous chromosomes to spate during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis or meiosis II |
| point mutation | a mutation in which only one nucleotide or nitrogenous base in a gene is changed |
| substitution | a mutation in which a nucleotide or codon in DNA is replaced with a different nucleotide |
| frameshift mutation | a mutation, such as the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in a coding sequence, that results in the misreading of the code during translation because of a change in the reading frame |
| insertion mutation | when one or more nucleotides are added to a gene, which can also result in a frameshift mutation |
Created by:
CoffeyM20
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