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Respiration Notes
Vocab and Proccesses for Quiz on 5/15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Respiration | Gas exchange in the lungs in which there is a release of carbon dioxide and an uptake of oxygen |
| Cellular Respiration (Aerobic) | Uses oxygen to produce ATP (energy) and occurs in the mitochondria of all cells |
| Respitory System | nose-pharynx(air/food)-epiglottis-larynx-trachea-bronchi/bronchus-bronchioles-aveoli-capillaries/blood |
| Cilia and Mucus | used to take particles of mucus away from the lungs toward the pharynx and is inhibited by smoking.The particles are either swallowed or spit out |
| Hemoglobin | oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells that contains iron and has stronger carbon monoxide binds than oxygen |
| Pleural Membrane | sac around the lungs |
| Diaphragm | flat muscle increases the lung volume when it contracts |
| Inhaling Cycle | Diaphram contracts-increases volume of chest cavity-lowers pressure inside the lungs-atmospheric pressire outside of the mouth causes air to rush in |
| Exhaling Cycle | Diaphragm relaxes-pressure increases in the chest cavity-air rushes back out of the lungs |
| Anaerobic Respiration | if oxygen is not present: glycolysis-fermentation (yeilds 2 ATP and produces lactic acid or alcohol) |
| Glycolysis | stage of cellular respiration in which a molecule of glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules inthe cytoplasm with a net gain of 2 ATP and producing 2 NADH |
| Kreb's Cycle | The second stage of cellular respiration occuring in the mitochondria producing 2 ATP,6 NADH, 2 FADH2's and giving off 4 CO2's |
| Electron Transport Chain | A series of carrier proteins in the inner membreane of the mitochondria |
| Anaerobic | A proccess that does not require oxygen |
| Aerobic | A proccess that requires oxygen |
| Fermentation | The proccess that releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen |
| NAD+ | An electron carrier that takes the H+ ions outside of the matrix and encourages the diffusion which creates the 36-38 ATP |
| NADH | Hold the high-energy electrons until they can be transferred to other molecules in the electron transport chain which helps to pass energy from the glucose to other pathways in the cell |
| Advantages of Anaerobic Respiration | it has fast generation of ATP and glycolysis itself does not require oxygen |
| Disadvantages of Anaerobic Respiration | only takes a few seconds for all the NAD+ molecules to fill up with electrons and without the NAD+ the cell cannot keep glycolysis running which stops the production of ATP. |
| Solution of glycolysis & fermentation working together | fermentation allows the cells to convert NADH to NAD+ meaning glycolysis can produce a steady supply of ATP;its anaerobic |
| Alcoholic Fermentation | process which produces ethyl alcohol; used by yeast |
| Lactic Acid Fermentation | produces lactic acid;muscles become sore |
| Electron Transport Chain Order | 1.NADH and FADH2 pass electrons along the electron transport chain 2.Inner Membrane of the Mitochondrion 3.Oxygen is the final electron acceptor at the end 4. 6 O2 + electrons + hydrogen ions form 6 H2O |
| Cellular Respiration Formula | 6O2 + glucose (C6H12O6) -> 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy |
Created by:
12oshea
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