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Atoms notes
review notes 1-9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atom | the smallest part of an element that can be identified as that element |
| elements | simpler substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| compound | two or more elements that have been combined chemically |
| molecule | the smallest part of a substance that has all the properties of the substance |
| proton | positively charged particle |
| electron | negatively charged particle |
| neutron | neutral charged particle |
| nucleus | center or core of an atom where protons and neutrons are found |
| electron cloud | many energy levels surrounding the nucleus where electrons are found |
| energy levels | used to predict the place where an electron is most likely to be found |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| AMU | Atomic mass unit |
| atomic mass | total mass of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| mass number | the actual number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus an atom |
| 1st energy level | 2 electrons |
| 2nd energy level | 8 electrons |
| 3rd energy level | sometimes 8 or 18 electrons |
| valence electrons | the electrons in an atom's outer energy level |
| isotope | an atom of an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons |
| periodic table | a table that organizes all elements according to their physical or chemical properties |
| periodic | a repeating pattern |
| period | a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table |
| group | a vertical column of elements in the periodic table |
| chemical symbol | a shorthand way of writing the names of elements |
| metals | elements that have properties of luster, ductility, and malleability |
| ductile | can be drawn into thin wires |
| malleable | can be hammered into shape |
| luster | shine |
| alkali metals | very chemically active, rarely found as pure metals in nature called "the sodium family" |
| Alkaline earth metals | also chemically active and readily combined with other elements "the calcium family" |
| transitional metals | can change their amount of valance electrons , depending on the chemical bond |
| other metals | solid, high density, opaque |
| rare earth metals | despite their name, are abundantly found in earth's crust |
| non-metals | elements that have none of the properties of metals; can be gases or brittle solids |
| halogens | considered non-metals and known as the "salt-formers" because they chemically bond with group one elements to make halogens called salt |
| Noble (inert)gases | six elements that make up the last group(18) of the periodic table; they do not readily combine with other elements |
| metalloids | the element that possess the qualities of metals as well as non-metals |
| ion | an atom with an electric charge |
| ionic bond | a bond formed between atoms that have gained or lost electrons |
| oxidation number | shows how many electrons an gains, loses, or shares when it forms a chemical bond |
| covalent bond | a bond formed when atoms share electrons |
| chemical formula | a way of writing the name of a compound using chemical symbols |
| subscript | a number written to the lower right of a chemical symbol identifying the number of atoms in that molecule |
| chemical reaction | a process in which new substances with new chemical and physical properties are formed |
Created by:
rlin
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