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Science Terms
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Heredity | The passing of traits from parent to offspring. |
Alleles | An alternate form that a gene may have for a single trait: Can be dominate or recessive. |
Genetics | The study of how traits are inherited through the action of alleles. |
Hybrid | An offspring that was given different genetic information for a trait from each parent. |
Dominate | Describes a trait that covers over, or "dominates" another form of that trait. |
Recessive | Describes a trait that is covered over, or dominated, by another form of that trait and seems to disappear. |
Punnett square | A tool to predict the probability of certain traits in an offspring that shows the different ways alleles can combine. |
Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism. |
Phenotype | Outward physical appearance and behavior of an organism as a result of its genotype. |
Homozygous | Describes an organism with 2 alleles that are the same for a trait. |
Heterozygous | Describes an organism with 2 different alleles for a trait. |
Incomplete Dominance | Production of a phenotype that is intermediate between the 2 homozygous parents. |
Polygenic Inheritance | Occurs when a group of genes pairs acts together and produces specific traits, such as human eye color, skin color, or height. |
Sex-Linked Gene | An allele inherited on sex chromosome and that can cause human genetic disorders such as color blindness and hemophilia. |
Genetic Engineering | Biological and chemical methods to change the arrangements of a genes DNA to improve crop production, produce large volumes. |