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Unit 6 Lesson #4 -5
Heredity and Punnett Squares & Pedigrees
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| dominant traits | contributes to the phenotype if one or two copies are present in the genotype |
| recessive traits | contributes to the phenotype only when TWO copies of it are present |
| If dominant and recessive genes cross for many generations what will the outcome be in the offspring? | heterozygous organism |
| chromosomes | the chromatin is compacted into visible structures |
| genes | segments of DNA found in chromosomes that give instructions for producing a certain characteristic |
| genotype | the combination of alleles that you inherited from your parents |
| phenotype | your observable traits |
| capital letters represent | Dominant |
| lower case letters represent | recessive |
| allele | one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color |
| codominance | both of the alleles in a heterozygous individual contribute to the phenotype. instead of a blend of the two phenotypes, both traits are associated with their two alleles (ex: human blood type) |
| incomplete dominance | each allele in a heterozygous individual influences the phenotype. Result= blend of the parents. example: hair texture (1 straight + 1 curly = wavy) |
| complete dominance | one trait is completely over another ex: dominant alleles: tongue rolling, dimples |
| acquired characteristics | traits that are learned in ones environment. ex: ability to read and write, ride a bike. |
| inherited characteristics | each parent gives ONE SET of genes to offspring, the offspring then has two forms of the same gene for every characteristic - one from each parent |
| What is a punnett square and why do we use them | a graphic used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring in a given cross |
| What is a ratio? How is it expressed? | an expression that compares two quantities. It's expressed by showing there is a ____ chance the offspring will have ____ . Ex: 100% blue eyes, also expressed by a ratio |
| What is a probability? How is it expressed? | mathematical chance of a specific outcome in relation to the total number of possible outcomes, they are also expressed by a ratio |
| What is a pedigree and why do we use them? | a tool used to study patterns of inheritance. They are useful in tracing a special class of inherited disorders known as sex-linked disorders. |
| What does it mean if you are a "carrier of a disease" ? | it is usually women, and they are called the carrier because she can carrie or pass on the trait to her offspring |
| sex linked genes | they are physical traits that were passed down from the parents ex: eye, hair color, freckles |
| be able to read pedigree flow chart and analyze it | square -male, circle- female, half shaded- carrier, shaded- inherited trait |
Created by:
ineyhart
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