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Congenital Defect
Harry Hoerr; Congenital defects and corrective surgery.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are obstructive lesions? | -Coarctation of aorta. -Aortic/pulmonary stenosis |
| What are non-cyanotic defects? (increased pulmonary blood flow) | -Septal Defects. -PDA. -Endocardial defects. |
| What are cyantotic defects? (decreased pulmonary blood flow) | -Hypoplastic left heart syndrome. -ToF. -Truncus arteriosus. -Transposition of great arteries. -Single ventricle. -Double outlet right ventricle. -Pulmonary atresia. -Anomalous pulmonary venous return. |
| What form of ASD is most common? | Ostium secundum is most common - 70% |
| Where does a ostium secundum occur? | Occurs in the center of the atrial septum. |
| Where does a ostium primum occur? | It occurs in the lower portion of the atrial septum. Generally smaller than secundum ASD and can often be accompanied by a cleft mitral valve. |
| Where does a sinus venosus occur? | It occurs in the upper partion of the atrial septum. This defect is almost always associated with anomalous pulmonary venous return. |
| Pulmonary vascular disease usually only occurs if a L-to-R shunt is.... | >1.5:1 |
| What is endocardial cushion defect? | Consists of defects in the lower ATRIAL and upper VENTRICLE septa, and deficiencies in the MITRAL/TRICUSPID valves. |
| After when is a PDA classified as a PDA? | If it is still patent after 3 months of life. |
| What are tree treatment options for PDA? | -Catheterization. -Medical Management (indomethacin). -Surgical closure (CPB not needed and done via left thoracotomy). |
| What are some signs of cyanotic lesions? | -Acid/Base imbalance. -Impaired Growth. -Syncope. -Squatting. -Clubbing of digits. -Cerebral Abscess |
| What is the Potts shunt? | Side to side connection of descending aorta to left PA |
| What is the Cooley shunt? | Intrapericardial connection of ascending aorta to right PA. |
| What is the Waterson shunt? | Similar to Cooley shunt but not intrapericardial |
| What is the Central shunt? | A teflon graft between the ascending aorta and main PA |
| What are the four characteristics of Tetralogy of Fallot? | TOF: -Pulmonary Stenosis. -VSD. -RV hypertrophy. -Overriding aorta. |
| Is TOF a L-to-R o a R-to-L shunt? | TOF is usually characterized by a RIGHT-to-LEFT shunt due to Pulmonary Hypertension and RV Hypertrophy |
| What is total anomalous pulmonary venous return? | When all 4 pulmonary veins drain into the right side of the heart. Having an ASD helps |
| What is the Supracardiac type of total anomalous pulmonary venous return? | (45% - 55%)Pulmonary Veins drain into the INNOMINATE VEIN or SVC |
| What is the Cardiac type of total anomalous pulmonary venous return? | (15-20%) pulmonary veins connect to the CORONARY SINUS |
| What is the Infracardiac type of total anomalous pulmonary venous return? | (15-20%) a vertical vein lying posterior to the pericardium cannects the pulmonary veins to the portal vein below the diaphragm |
Created by:
allievisner2
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