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Biology Final
Cell Transport, Cell Division, Photosynthesis and Biomolecules
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Selective Permiability | Cell membrane allows only certain substances in and out of the cell |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water across a cell membrane large particles can't move so water moves instead |
| Isotonic | Concentration is equal on both sides |
| Diffusion | Small non polar particles pass through the cell membrane |
| Hypotonic | Low amount of solute inside compared to the solution outside |
| Concentration Gradient | One side of the membrane contains a higher amount of particles |
| Hypertonic | Contains a high amount of solute inside than outside |
| Homologous Chromosomes | A chromosome pair |
| Anaphase | Duplicated pairs are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell |
| Daughtercell | Two new cells, the divided parent cell |
| Prophase | Nucleus membrane disappears, chromosome pairs of visible |
| Telophase | Nuclear membrane appears around cells, both cells begin interphase again |
| Metaphase | fibers line Chromosomes up in the middle |
| Parent cell | The cell ready to duplicate |
| Passive transport | Transports of molecules that do not require energy |
| Active transport | Transports of molecules that require energy |
| Interphase | Cell grows and duplicates DNA |
| Mitosis | Division of nucleus and DNA |
| Cytokinesis | Division of 1 cell into 2 genetically identical daughter cells |
| 4 Biomolecules | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids |
| Carbohydrates function | immediate energy |
| Lipids function | Long term energy storage |
| Nucleic Acids function | Stores genetic material |
| Proteins function | Do work, building cell parts, transferring molecules |
| Photosynthesis | the process where plants use sunlight and carbon dioxide to generate food |
| Light dependent reaction | a series of biochemical reactions in photosynthesis that require light energy |
| Chloroplast | a oval structure that contains chlorophyll and photosynthesis takes place |
| Chlorophyll | a green pigment in the plant that captures and stores sunlight |
| Light Independent reaction | a chemical reaction that converts carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose |
| Inputs of photosynthesis | Sunlight, CO2, H2O |
| Outputs of photosynthesis | O2, Glucose |
| How CO2 and O2 exit the leaf | Stomata |
| Cellular respiration | a chemical process in a plant that produces food |
| Glucose | sugar, food, source of energy |
| ATP | Energy stored in C-C and C-H bonds |
| Mitochondria | Where cell respiration happens, the powerhouse of the cell |
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