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bio ch 12 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alternation of generations | life cycle that includes both asexual and sexual forms; characteristic of plants, algae, and other life-forms |
| anaphase | the stage in cell division in which chromosomes separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell (224) androgen: family of male sex hormones, including testosterone |
| androgen | family of male sex hormones, including testosterone |
| anther | the enlarged end of a stamen in a flower, inside which pollen grains containing male gametes form |
| carpel | the female reproductive organ of a flower; one or more carpels fuse to form the stigma, style, and ovary |
| clone | a lineage of genetically identical individuals produced asexually |
| conjugation | a process of exchanging genetic information in which chromosomes pass between two bacteria by means of a tube of cytoplasm that temporarily connects them |
| corpus luteum | the structure that forms from the tissues of a ruptured ovarian follicle; secretes female hormones |
| crossing-over | during prophase I of meiosis, the breakage and exchange of corresponding segments of homologous chromosomes at one or more sites along their length, resulting in genetic recombination |
| diploid | a cell containing two sets of homologous chromosomes (2n) |
| ejaculation | expulsion of semen, sperm-bearing fluid, from the urethra |
| estrogen | family of hormones that stimulate the development of female secondary sexual characteristics |
| external fertilization | the joining of gametes outside the bodies of the two parents, as in many fishes and amphibians |
| gestation | pregnancy |
| gonad | reproductive organ in an animal; produces gametes and sometimes hormones; ovary in females and testis in males |
| haploid | a cell, a nucleus, or an organism containing only one set of unpaired chromosomes (n) |
| homologous | of anatomical structures, sharing a common ancestor although the structure may look and function differently, such as a bird's wing and a reptile's forelimb; of chromosomes, carrying the same genes |
| in vitro | literally means "in glass"; refers to laboratory procedures done in test tubes or in petri dishes |
| internal fertilization | the joining of gametes inside the female's body |
| meiosis | two successive cell divisions that produce gametes |
| menstrual cycle | the female reproductive cycle that is characterized by regularly recurring changes in the uterine lining |
| ovaries | the primary reproductive organs of a female; egg-cell-producing organs |
| oviduct | in vertebrates, a tube that carries eggs away from an ovary; in humans, a fallopian tube |
| ovulation | the release of an egg cell from a mature ovarian follicle |
| ovule | a structure that develops in a plant ovary and contains the egg |
| ovum | a mature egg cell; a female gamete, haploid (n) in chromosome number |
| polar body | small haploid cell produced in meiosis during egg-cell formation |
| pollen | tiny grains that contain male gametes; released from the anthers of flowers |
| pollination | the placement of pollen by wind or animal onto the stigma of a carpel; a prerequisite to fertilization |
| progesterone | a female hormone, secreted by the corpus luteum and the placenta, that prepares the uterus for pregnancy and the mammary glands for lactation |
| puberty | the stage of development in which the reproductive organs become functional |
| scrotum | a pouch of skin that encloses the testes |
| secondary sex characteristic | characteristic of a male or female animal other than gamete production; in humans, includes mature genitalia, female breasts, body and facial hair, muscular development, and deep male voice; typically develops in response to sex hormones |
| somatic | referring to the body of a plant or an animal aside from the gametes; relating to the nonreproductive cells of a multicellular organism |
| spore | one-celled reproductive cell that is usually resistant to harsh environmental conditions and may remain dormant for long periods |
| testes | the primary reproductive organs of a male; sperm-cell-producing organs |
| testosterone | a male sex hormone secreted by the testes |
| uterus | a hollow muscular organ, located in the female pelvis, in which a fetus develops |
| vagina | a tubular organ that leads from the uterus to the opening of the female reproductive tract |
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CassTrav
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