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ISU PPRA 3315
Exam 01
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Orphan Drug | pharmaceutical that remains commercially enveloped owing to limited potential for profitability. |
| What are the FDA teratogenic risk categories, and what do they represent? | A: human data suggest no issues. B: animal data suggest no issues (little/no human data). C: animal data suggest possible risk (little/no human data). D: documented risk in humans; risk/benefit may allow for drug use. X: Documented, unjustified risk. |
| What are the controlled substance schedules, and what is an example of a drug in each? | I: highest abuse potential, no accepted medical use; heroin, LSD II: high abuse potential; morphine, methylphenidate III: moderate abuse potential; codeine combos, testosterone IV: low abuse potential; benzodiazepines V: Lowest abuse potential; cough |
| Receptor Theory | drug must bind to receptor. drug must be the right size, shape, charge, atomic composition. Must get to intended site, be metabolized, and excreted in a timely manner. |
| What ways can a drug act pharmacodynamically on a biological process? | Speed up, slow down, or mimic. |
| Routes of drug administration | Intravenous (IV) Oral (PO) Subcutaneous (SQ/SubQ) Topical Transdermal Inhalation/Insufflation Intramuscular (IM) Sublingual Rectal |
| Advantages/disadvantages of intravenous injection | systemic, immediate irreversible (usually) |
| Advantages/disadvantages of intramuscular injection | systemic, slower release than IV difficult to reverse can be painful |
| Advantages/disadvantages of oral medications | delayed release reversible less precise than IV |
| bioavailability | how much drug reaches systemic circulation unchanged |
| protein-binding | affects drug distribution and efficiency. Less bound drugs are more efficient than bound drugs. |
| First-pass metabolism/effect | process by which the concentration of a drug is greatly reduced before reaching systemic circulation. |
| -troprium; use; ex | inhaled anticholinergics asthma, COPD, prevent bronchospasm ipratroprium bromide, tiotroprium |
| Beta blockers; ending; use; adverse effects; ex | -alol cardiac dysrhythmias, HTN bradycardia, sedation, asthma, ED propranolol, atenolol, |
| Alpha blockers; ending; adverse effects; ex | -zosin dizziness, orthostatic HOTN Doxazosin, terazosin |
| Key features of Alzheimer's disease | cholinergic deficiency, neurodegeneration, memory loss, delusions, hallucinations |
| Key features of glaucoma | increased intraocular pressure |
| Key features of Myasthenia gravis | autoimmune disease characterized by ptosis, diplopia, dysphagia, and generalized weakness. |
| Key features of Parkinson's disease | neurodegeneration with tremors, rigidity, slowness, cognitive impairment |
| What are the 5 domains of CAM, and one therapy for each domain? | 1) alternative medical systems 2) mind-body interventions 3) biologically-based systems 4) manipulative and body-based systems 5) energy therapies |
| What is a clinical use for Echinacea | tx or prevention of common cold |
| What is a clinical use for St. Johns Wort? | depression, anxiety, mood disorders |
| What is a clinical use for Saw Palmetto? | benign prostatic hyperplasia |
| What is a clinical use for Ginko Biloba? | prevent or treat alzheimers |
| What is clinical use for cranberry? | bladder infections/ UTIs |
| What is a clinical use for Valerian? | insomnia and anxiety |
| What are the S/Sx of a person abusing drugs? | persistent abnormal vitals |
| Cholinergic Symptoms acronym | SLUDGE Salivation Lacrimation Urination Diarrhea GI upset Emesis |
| Anticholinergic pneumonic | can't see, can't pee, can't spit, can't shit (myopia, urinary retention, decreased secretions, GI slowing) |
| idiosyncratic effect | rare and unpredictable reaction to a drug |
| iatrogenic | induced inadvertently by a medical practitioner, treatment, or dx procedure |
| ACE inhibitors | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. (-pril). antihypertensives. prevent ACEs from converting angiotensin to angiotensin II, thereby reducing vasoconstriction and BP. ex: lisinopril, enalapril |
| HMG CoA reductase inhibitors | antihyperlipidemics. -statin/-vastatin. disrupt the action of HMG CoA to inhibit cholesterol production. simvastatin, atorvastatin |
| What are the clinical features of nerve gas or pesticide poisoning? What is the antidote? | nerve gases are cholinesterase inhibitors decreased HR and BP bronchospasm muscular contration runny nose vomiting incontinence ANTIDOTE: atropine |
Created by:
antwauhn
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