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care of the child
child health promotion/safety
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| According to Freud what stage is the child in when the infant derives pleasure from the mouth | Oral |
| Freud theory of the child's pleasure centere3d in the anal area, control of body secretions | Anal-1-3 years |
| Frued theory of sexual energy becoming centered in the genitalia as child works out relationships with parents | Phallic: 3-6 yrs |
| Freud theory of sexual energy at rest | Latency: 6-12 yrs |
| Freud theory of mature sexuality achieved | Genital: 12-adulthood |
| Erikson's theory of trust vs mistrust | birth to one year: task of the first year to establish trust in people providing care. Food, clean clothes, touch, and comfort |
| Erickson's Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt | 1-3 years: toddlers sense of autonomy or independence is shown by controlling body secretions, saying no, and directing motor activity |
| Erickson's Initiative vs. Guilt | 3-6 yrs: initiates new activities and considers new ideas. Criticism leads to feelings of guilt and lack of purpose |
| Erickson's industry vs. inferiority | 6-12 yrs: Development of new interests and involvement in activities. if can't accomplish will result in inferiority |
| Ericksons identity role vs. role confusion | 12-18 yrs. new sense of identity. if unable to establish confusion of one or more roles in life can exist |
| Piagets sensorimotor stage | birth-2 yrs: learn about the world by input obtained through senses and by motor activity |
| Piates Preoperational stage | 2-7 yrs: child thinks by using words as symbols, but logic in not well developed |
| Piagets concrete operation | 7-11 yrs: transuctive reasoning has given way to amore accurate understaning of cause and effect |
| Piagets operational | 11-adult: fully mature intellectual thinking |
| Object permanence | knowledge that something continuies to exist even when out of sigh |
| Kohlberg's preconventional stage | 4-7 yrs. Decisions based on desire to please others and avoid punishment |
| Kohlberg's conventional | 7-12 yrs. Concience or internal set of standards become important. |
| Kohlberg's postconventional | 12-adult: internalized ethical standards on which to base decisions |
| ability to funcion with healthy responses, even when faced with stress and adversity | resilience |
| protective factors | provede strength and assistance in dealing with crises |
| risk factors | promote to challenges |
| adjustmant phase | disorganizations and unsuccessful attempts at meeting the crisis. |
| adaptation phase | meet the challenge and use resources to deal with the crisis |
| Birth weight of 7 lbs at five months | 14 lbs |
| birth weight of 7 lbs at one year | 21 lbs |
| erupted teeth | around 6 mo. |
| 6-8 teeth | one year |
| solitary play | playing by themselves; infant |
| parallel play | playing side by side; toddler |
| expressive jargon | unintelligible words |
| associative play | one child cuts out colored paper while friend gluesin on paper in a design;preschool |
| dramatic play | living out drama of human life; preschoold |
| conservation | matter in not changed when its form in altered; school aged |
| cooperative play | ability to play a part and contribute to unified whole; school aged |
| Resiliency theory | crisis that leads to adaptation and development of inner strenths and ability to handle future crises |
| ecologic theory | mutual interactions between the child and various settings |
| infant | rolls over, sits up, stangs, one or two words, pincer grasp |
| toddler | walks up stairs, undresses self, scibbles, kicks ball, 1000 words |
| preschooler | use scissors, rids bike with training wheels, throws ball, writes a few letters |
| school aged | readidng, two wheeled bike, jumps rope, plays sports |
| adolescent | fine motor skills developed, gross motor skills inrove, abstract thought |
| health promotion | activities that increase well-being and enhance wellness or health |
| health maintenance | activities that preserve an individuals present state of health and prevent disease or injury occurance |
| health supervision | services that focus on disease and injury prevention |
| pediatric healthcare home | site of comprehensive healthcare by a pediatric healtcare prof. to ensure optimal health |
| components of health promotion/wellness visits | general observations, growth and development, nutrition, physical activity, oral health, mental and spiritual health, relationships, disease prevention, injury prevention |
| screening | procedure to detect possible presence of health condition before symptoms are apparent. |
| stranger anxiety | infant cries when another holds them besides caregivers |
| separation anxisty | inconsolable crying and distress when parents are not present |
| self-regulation | process of dealing with feelings, learning to soothe self, and focusing on activities for incresing periods of time |
| Child has 20 decidious teeth | 2 years |
| Child begins to lose decidious teeth | 6 years |
| early childhood caries | one or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth in child 71 months or younger |
| night terrors | child cries out and appears frightened, not fully awake and appears disoriented |
| self-concept | mental idea that one has of the self |
| self-esteem | feelings and belifs of children about their competence and worth as individuals |
| most poisonings occur here | in the home |
| poisoned with corrosives (cleaners, batteries, bleach) | Do not induce vomiting! Dilute with water and give activated charcoal |
| poinsoned with acetaminophen | induce vomiting or perform gastrcic lavage, admin. charcoal |
| poisoned with asprin | induce vomiting, IV sodium bicarbonate, fluids, and vit. K |
| Nursing management for poisoning | provide emotional support and prevent recurrence |
| Nursing care for ingestion of foreign object | breath sounds, prepare for radiologic studies, explain procedures and reassure child and family |
| Nursing care for lead poisoning | screening, education, and follow-up. |
| mild lead toxicity | 10-15 ug/dL |
| moderate lead toxicity | 16-69 ug/dL |
| Severe lead toxicity | >70 ug/dL |
| anterior fontanelle closes | 12-18 months |
| posterior fontanelle closed | 2 and 3 months |
| tense fontanelle | bulging above morgin and indicated increased intracranial pressure |
| soft fontanelle | sunken below margin and associated with dehydration |
| hypertelorism | widely space eyes, can be a nrmal vairation in children |
| Asian children or down-syndrome eye feature | mongonlian slant |
| coloboma | keyhole-hsaped pupil cuased by a notch in the iris, can indicate other congenital abnormalitites |
| eye moves in cover-uncover test means | muscle imbalance |
| retractions | depression of sections of the chest wall with inspiration; resp. distress |
| primary breathing muscle in young children | diaphragm |
| crepitus | crinkly sensations palpated on the ches surface, caused by air escaping into the subcutaneous tissue |
| tactile fremitus | crying and taking produce vibrations; should be equal |
| vesicular breath sounds; normal | low-pitched, swishing, soft, short expiratory sounds |
| bronchovesicular breath sounds; normal | medium-pithced, hollow, blowing sounds heard equally |
| bronchail/tracheal breath sounds; normal | hollow and higer pitched than vesicular breath sounds |
| stridor | noise from air moving through a narrowed trachea and larynx |
| wheezing | noise resulting from the passage of air through mucus or fluids in a narrowed lower airway |
| sinus arrhythmia | childs heartrate is faster on inspiration and slower on sxpiration.; normal |
| lift | sensation of the heart lifting up against the chest wall |
| thrill | rushing vibration that feels like a cat's purr |
| S1 | firt heart sound, by closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves wehnt the ventricular contraction begins |
| s2 | second heart sound, by the closrue of the aortic and pulmonic valves |
| apical pulse in infants | third or fourth intercostal space |
| apical pulse in children | fifth intercostal space |
| folls over from prone to supine position | 4 months |
| sits without support | 8 months |
| pulls self to standing position | 10 months |
| walks aroound room holding on | 11 months |
| walks alone well | 15 months |
| kicks ball | 24 months |
| jumps in place | 30 months |
| throws ball overhand | 36 months |
| simian crease | downs syndrome |
| abnormal knee distance | 1.5 in |
| measure with knock knees | stand with knees together, no more than 2 in. between ankles |
| Direct transmission | physical contact between source of infection and new host |
| indirect transmission | pathogens survive outside humans before causing disease |
| infectious disease | any communicable disease caused by microorganisms that are commonly transmitted |
| communicable disease | illness directly or indirectly transmitted from one person or anmial to another by contact with body fluids, contaminted intems, or by vectors |
| vulnerabilty of children to illness | immune system not fully mature at birth; passively acquired maternal antibodies provide lmited protection, disease protection through immunization is not complete |
| DTaP side effects | redness, pain, swelling, nodule at injection site, temp to 101 f, drowsiness, irritability, fussy, anorexia |
| MMR s.e. | elevated temp, rendenss at site, rash, joint pain |
| hep. b s.e. | pain at site, headache, photophobia, altered liver enzymes |
| fever patho. | hypothalamus control center for regulation. |
| diptheria s/s | low grade fever, anorexia, malaise, rhinorrhea with fould odor, cough, sore throat, hoarseness |
| coxsackievirus s/s | fever, sore throuat, lesions(hand foot and mouth disease) |
| Fifth disease | flulike(stage 1), rash on cheeks(stage 2) |
| lyme disease | bulls eye rash, fatigue, stiff neck, muscle and joint aches |
Created by:
doerrd
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