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6th CK Tectonics 4
6th CK SCIENCE Plate Tectonics/Volcanoes Part 4 (s-v) COMPLETE
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Seafloor spreading | the formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at midocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side |
| Secondary waves (S waves) | come after P waves and vibrate side to side |
| Seismic waves | vibrations that travel through the Earth carrying energy released during an earthquake and other materials reach the surface |
| Seismograph | an instrument that records the ground movements caused by seismic waves; instrument used to measure earthquake magnitude |
| Shear/Shearing | the type of stress that pushes rocks of the crust in two opposite, horizontal directions |
| Shield Volcanoes | a broad, domed volcano with gently sloping sides, characteristic of the eruption of fluid, basaltic lava |
| Stress | force (push or pull) that acts on rock or the Earth’s crust to change its shape or volume (deformation); adds energy to rock |
| Strike-slip fault | caused by shearing stress, rocks move horizontally in opposite directions, occur at transform boundaries |
| Subduction | the process in which lithosphere plunges back into the interior of the Earth |
| Surface waves (L waves) | slowest waves occurring on the surface of the Earth |
| Syncline | a downward fold in rock |
| Tension stress | pulls on rock causing it to stretch and get thinner in the middle |
| Theory | an explanation generally accepted as truth, but not yet proven |
| Topography | the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area |
| Transform Boundary | occurs when two plates move against each other |
| Transform fault | a fault that runs across a midocean ridge |
| Trench | a V-shaped valley on the ocean floor where old ocean floor is subducted; a destructive (convergent) plate boundary |
| Volcanic ash | rock particles more than 0.25 mm but less than 5 mm across that are blown into the air by a volcanic eruption |
| Volcanic bomb | rock particles larger than 5 mm in diameter that are blown into the air by a volcanic eruption |
| Volcanic dust | the smallest rock particles blown into the air by a volcanic eruption |
| Volcano | a place in the Earth’s surface through which molten rock and other materials reach the surface |
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