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Waves and Currents
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| waves | the up and down movements in the ocean caused by wind blowing across the ocean's surface |
| ocean currents | “rivers” that flow in the ocean; caused by wind, temperature, and salinity |
| surface currents | currents that move horizontally (parallel to the Earth's surface); powered by prevailing (constantly blowing) winds |
| Coriolis Effect | curving of surface winds and surface currents due to the Earth’s rotation |
| density | how tightly packed something is |
| salinity | the measure of saltiness of the water |
| density currents | currents that circulate deep in the ocean |
| The Gulf Stream | a warm current that flows from the East Coast of North America to Europe |
| 3 things the height of a wave depends on | speed of the wind, distance over which the wind blows, length of time the wind blows |
| What causes waves? | wind |
| direction currents move in the northern hemisphere | right (clockwise) |
| direction currents move in the southern hemisphere | left (counterclockwise) |
| How do currents affect climate? | Cold currents bring a cooling effect to the air and land, and warm currents bring a warming effect to the air and land. |
| What two things affect the density of water? | temperature and salinity |
| Density increases as temperature __________. | decreases |
| As temperature increases, density, ____________. | decreases |
| As salinity increases, density ____________. | increases |
| As ocean depth increases, salinity _______________ and temperature ____________. | salinity increases and temperature decreases |
| How do molecules move when energy passes through water? | in small circles (Waves do NOT move things forward.) |
| How does warm water at the surface become colder? | It radiates heat into the atmosphere. |
| Where do warm surface currents begin? | near the equator |
| Where do cold surface currents begin? | at the poles |
| What causes density (deep sea) currents? | differences in density and salinity |
| ____________ water rises, and ____________ water sinks. | Warm, cold |
| What controls surface currents? | prevailing global winds and the Coriolis effect |
| constantly moving system of deep-ocean circulation driven by temperature and salinity | Great Ocean Conveyor Belt |
| How do surface currents move water? | horizontally |
Created by:
Nisey1996
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