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Week 1 Science
Weathering, Erosion, Depositions, Soil
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| weathering | the process where rocks and minerals near the surface of the Earth are broken down, dissolved, or decomposed. |
| organic matter | is the remains of something that was once alive |
| pore | small holes and spaces in soil that allow water and air to flow through |
| climate | the average weather conditions in an area in general or over a long period; effects the type of weathering experienced in that area |
| topography | the shape and steepness of the landscape |
| biota | all of the organisms that live in a region; in the soil help to speed up the process soil formation |
| mass wasting | downhill movement of a large mass of rocks or soil due to the pull of gravity |
| soil | mixture of weathered rock, rock fragments, decayed organic matter, water, and air; takes thousands of years to form |
| soil profile | cross section of soil horizons |
| soil horizon | layers of soil |
| mechanical weathering | (physical) only changes the shape or size of the rock. |
| chemical weathering | changes the size of the rock, but also changed the rock’s composition. |
| ice wedging | occurs when rainwater gets into a crack and freezes. When it freezes, it expands and breaks the rock. |
| oxidation | Water and air change iron into rust (called iron oxide= O2 +Fe) |
| abrasion | wearing away by wind, water, or other forces |
| decomposition | the process of changing once living material into dark-colored organic matter |
| parent material | the starting material of soil |
| constructive forces | create landforms. They build up the Earth’s surface. |
| destructive forces | destroy land forms. They change the surface of the Earth by wearing it down. |
| erosion | the process of carrying away (or transporting) weathered materials like rocks, minerals, and soil. These materials are carried away by wind, water, and gravity. |
| deposition | the dropping (or depositing) of sediments by water, wind, or ice. |
| O horizon | layer of organic matter that is beginning to decompose |
| A horizon | topsoil; organic matter mixed with minerals |
| E horizon | organic matter that is lighter in color due to eluviation |
| eluviation | causes the E Horizon to lose minerals |
| B Horizon | subsoil or illuviated horizon; contains clay and mineral deposits |
| C Horizon | parent rock o r substratum; consist of bedrock that is slightly broken up |
| R Horizon | bedrock; massive sheets of rock at the base of soil horizons |
Created by:
LOM8th
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