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3.3, 3.4, 3.5
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Metal | A class of elements characterized by physical properties that include shininess, malleability, ductility, and conductivity |
| malleable | can be hammered or rolled into flat sheets and other shapes |
| ductile | can be pulled out, or drawn, into a long wire |
| conductivity | ability to transfer heat or electricity to another object |
| reactivity | the ease and speed that an element combines or reacts with other elements |
| corrosion | the gradual wearing away of a metal element due to a chemical reaction |
| alkali metals | an element in Group 1, from lithium to francium |
| alkaline earth metals | an element in Group 2, from Beryllium to Radium |
| transition metals | elements in Groups 3 -12, hard and shiny, good conductors of electricity, form colorful compounds |
| Lanthanides | soft, malleable shiny metals with high conductivity |
| Alloy | a mixture of a metal with at least one other element, usually another metal |
| actinides | elements below lanthanides, 1st 4 occur naturally on Earth, others made in a lab |
| Synthetic Elements | Elements with atomic numbers higher than 92 |
| particle accelerators | a machine that moves atomic nuclei at higher and higher speeds until they crash into one another, sometimes forming heavier elements |
| Nonmetal | an element that lacks most of the properties of metal Physical Properties: dull and brittle, can break and crumble, poor conductors of electricity and heat Chemical Properties: reactive with other elements, form compounds, can share electrons |
| Diatomic molecule | Consists of two atoms |
| Halogen | Elements from group 17 - salt forming |
| Semiconductors | substances that can conduct electricity only under some conditions; used to make computer chips, transistors, & lasers |
| Metalloids | have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals; solid at room temperature; brittle; hard; somewhat reactive |
| Noble Gas | unreactive; do not gain, lose or share electrons; exist only in small amounts |
| Hydrogen | element with the simplest and smallest atoms; makes up 90% of atoms in universe; sun and stars mostly made up of it |
| nebula | eventually a star shrinks and the element spreads into space forming a cloud like region of gases |
| supernova | huge explosion that breaks apart a massive star, producing temperature up to 1 billion degrees Celsius; -provides enough energy for the nuclear fusion reactions that create the heaviest elements |
| Nuclear Fusion | process in which two atomic nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus, releasing huge amounts of energy -occurs in stars, combining smaller nuclei into larger nuclei creating heavier elements |
| plasma | -state of matter consist of a gas-like mixture of free electrons and atoms stripped of electrons - can be produced by high-voltage or electrical spark -forms inside fluorescent light, flat screen TVs -Sun's plasma is under high pressure |
| Atomic # = | # of protons |
| Atomic # = | # of electrons |
| # of protons = | # of electrons |
| Rounded off atomic mass - atomic # = | # of neutrons |
Created by:
JBellotti
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