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SLS Bio Genetics MT
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allele | An alternative form of a gene. |
| Autosome | Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
| codominance | A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive. |
| dihybrid | A cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene |
| dominant allele | An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. |
| genotype | An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations. |
| heterozygous | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait |
| homozygous | An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait |
| monohybrid | A cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits |
| multiple allele | A gene that has more than two alleles |
| phenotype | An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. |
| punnet square | A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
| recessive allele | An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present |
| sex chromosome | Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
| sex-linked trait | a trait that is determined by a gene found on one of the sex chromosomes, such as the X chromosome or the Y chromosome in humans |
| test cross | the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype |
| apoptosis | Programmed cell death |
| cell cycle | series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide |
| centriole | Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only |
| centromere | Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached |
| chromatin | Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell |
| chromosome | A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins. |
| crossing-over | process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis |
| cytokinesis | Division of the cytoplasm during cell division |
| diploid (2n) | Are the cells in the end of Meiosis I Haploid (n) or Diploid (2n) |
| chromosome number | the number of chromosomes in a normal cell, in humans there are 23 pairs of chromosomes |
| gamete | Sex cell |
| haploid (n) | half the normal number of chromosomes; found in sex cells |
| homologous chromosomes | Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure |
| meiosis | Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms |
| mitosis | A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. |
| nondisjunction | Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate. |
| somatic cell | Any of the cells of a plant or animal except the reproductive cells. |
| synapsis | Pairing of homologous chromosomes |
Created by:
Marcus Tezinde
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