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Biology 12
Biology Chapter 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sex Chromosomes | Genetic chromosomes called X and Y (determines gender) |
| Autosomes | Remaining chromosomes in body |
| Sex-linked trait | Trait thats coded for by an allele on a sex chromosome |
| Linked gene | Pairs of genes that tend to be inherited together |
| Chromosome map | Diagram that shows the linear order of genes on a chromosome |
| Map Unit | Frequency of crossing-over of 1% |
| Germ-cell mutation | Occur in Organisms gametes |
| Somatic- cell mutation | Take place in an organism's body cells and can therefore affect the organism |
| Lethal mutation | Causes death before birth |
| Deletion | Loss of a chromosome, due to breakage |
| Inversion | Chromosomal segment breaks, flips around backward, and reattaches |
| Translocation | Piece of one chromosome breaks off and reattaches to a non homologous chromosome |
| Nondisjunction | Chromosome fails to separate from its homologue during meiosis |
| Point mutation | Change that occurs within a single gene |
| Substitution | One nucleotide replaces another |
| Frameshift mutation | Making all amino acids downstream change |
| Insertion mutation | One or more nucleotides are added to a gene |
| Pedigree | Diagram shows how trait is inherited |
| Carrier | Individuals such as the four people in the 5th generation |
| Genetic Disorder | Disabling conditions that have a genetic basis |
| Polygenic | Characters influenced by several genes |
| Complex Character | Characters that are influenced strongly both by environment and by genes |
| Multiple allele | Genes with 3 or more alleles |
| Codominance | Both alleles are expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote |
| Incomplete Dominance | Individual displays a trait that is intermediate between the two parents |
| Sex-influenced trait | Involved in other complex characters |
| Huntigton's Disease | Autosomal dominat condition characterized by forgetfulness and irritability |
| Amniocentesis | Allows removal of some amniotic fluid from amnion sac surrounds the fetus |
| Chorionic villi sampling | Chrorionic villi cells derived from the zygote that grows between the mothers uterus and placenta between 8th and 10th week |
| Genetic counseling | Informing a person about genetic info |
| Gene Therapy | Healthy copy of gene is placed in copy of gene thats defective |
Created by:
cvHatcher
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