Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Genetics | The study of heredity |
| Heredity | The passing on of traits from parents to offspring |
| Gregor Mendel | *studied heredity of pea plants and how traits are passed from one generation to another *known as the Father of Genetics because of his documented studies of heredity |
| Traits | Physical characteristics of an organism |
| Genes | *factors that control traits – found on chromosomes *inherited in pairs from parents |
| Alleles | *different forms of a gene Ex. tall stem/short stem, brown fur/white fur |
| Dominant traits | *stronger traits represented by a capital letter - always shows up when the allele is present in a gene pair |
| Recessive traits | *weaker traits represented by a lower case letter – is masked or hidden when paired with a dominant allele in a gene pair |
| Truebreed / Purebred (homozygous) | )*an organism that has genes that are (Purbred) alike for a particular trait (two dominant genes or two recessive genes) *Ex: two genes for tall stems (TT), or two genes for short stems (tt) |
| Hybrid (heterozygous) | *an organism that has two different genes for a particular trait (one dominant gene and one recessive gene) *Ex. one gene for tall stems and one gene for short stems (Tt) |
| Punnett Square | *Special chart used to show the possible gene combinations in a cross between two organisms |
| Phenotype | *physical characteristics of an organism *Ex. brown fur, tall stems. . . |
| Genotype | *The actual gene makeup or allele combination Ex. BB = truebreed dominant Bb = hybrid bb = truebreed recessive |
| Meiosis | *Cell process that produces sex cells (sperm and egg cells) *chromosomes in the original parent cell double and then divide twice into 4 new cells *sex cells have 1/2 the number of chromosomes as the original cell |
| Identical twins | *one egg cell fertilized by one sperm cell and cell splits in early stages of development |
| Fraternal twins | *two separate egg cells fertilized by two separate sperm cells |
| Chromosomes | *rod-shaped structures found in the nucleus of a cell *carries genes from parents to offspring *found in pairs |
| Sex chromosomes | *specialized chromosomes that determine the gender of offspring *Ex. XY = Male XX = Female |
| Gametes | *sex cells (sperm and egg cells) |
| Zygote | *fertilized egg cell |
| Sexual Reproduction | *reproductive process that involves two parents *organisms get half their genes from one parent and half from the other *offspring are genetically different from parents (DNA) *creates greatest genetic diversity |
| Asexual Reproduction | *reproductive process that involves one parent *genetic material is not exchanged because organism reproduces on its own *offspring are genetically identical to the parent (DNA) *no genetic diversity Ex. binary fission, budding, cutting |
Created by:
jholmes2271
Popular Science sets