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Internal Structure
The internal structure of the Earth
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Lithosphere | the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle. |
| Asthenosphere | the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur. |
| Magnetic Field | a region around a magnetic material or a moving electric charge within which the force of magnetism acts. The Earth's is generated in the core |
| Hydrosphere | Anywhere on the Earth that is water. |
| Magnetosphere | the region surrounding the earth or another astronomical body in which its magnetic field is the predominant effective magnetic field. |
| Atmosphere | the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet. |
| Dynamo Effect | The spinning of the Earth's core that creates the magnetic field |
| Continental Drift Hypothesis | The theory that the continents drift and the science behind why they do |
| Subduction Zone | The collision of two tectonic plates |
| Lamproites | ultrapotassic mantle-derived volcanic and subvolcanic rocks |
| Transform plate boundaries | When two plates rub up against each other |
| Divergent Plate boundaries | When two plates are moving away from each other |
| Convergent plate boundaries | When two plates are colliding |
| Conduction | Heat transfer |
| Convection | When heat causes liquid to move in a circular motion |
| Plasma | an ionized gas consisting of positive ions and free electrons in proportions resulting in more or less no overall electric charge |
| Geomagnetic Reversals | A geomagnetic reversal is a change in a planet's magnetic field such that the positions of magnetic north and magnetic south are interchanged, while geographic north and geographic south remain the same. |
| Coriolis effect | an effect whereby a mass moving in a rotating system experiences a force (the Coriolis force ) acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation. |
| Ophiolite | an igneous rock consisting largely of serpentine, believed to have been formed from the submarine eruption of oceanic crustal and upper mantle material. |
| Global Warming | the theory that the Earth's average atmospheric temperature is rising |
| Plate Tectonics | The science of the Earth's moving plates |
| Doppler Effect | an increase (or decrease) in the frequency of sound, light, or other waves as the source and observer move toward (or away from) each other |
| Greenhouse Effect | The theory that carbon dioxide levels are too high in the atmosphere, allowing UV rays to not be able to escape so they stay in the atmosphere |
| Mantle | layer of the earth above the core that's mostly plasma and moves the plates around |
| Seismograph | measures waves from within the earth |
| Seismic Waves | an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means. |
| Sea-Floor Spreading | the formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at midocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side. |
| Xenolith | a piece of rock within an igneous rock that is not derived from the original magma but has been introduced from elsewhere, especially the surrounding country rock. |
Created by:
nathan.franklin
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