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Earth and Space
yeet
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lithosphere | the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle |
| Asthenosphere | the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur |
| Magnetic Field | a region around a magnetic material or a moving electric charge within which the force of magnetism acts |
| Hydrosphere | all the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds. |
| Magnetosphere | the region surrounding the earth or another astronomical body in which its magnetic field is the predominant effective magnetic field. |
| Atmosphere | the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet. |
| Dynamo Effect | The dynamo effect is a geophysical theory that explains the origin of the Earth's main magnetic field in terms of a self-exciting (or self-sustaining) dynamo. |
| Continental Drift Hypothesis | continental drift definition. A term, no longer used by geologists, that refers to the fact that continents are not stationary, but move across the Earth's surface. Continental drift is one feature of the modern theory of plate tectonics. (See Pangaea.) |
| Subduction Zone | A subduction zone is the biggest crash scene on Earth. These boundaries mark the collision between two of the planet's tectonic plates. The plates are pieces of crust that slowly move across the planet's surface over millions of years. |
| Lamproites | Lamproites are ultrapotassic mantle-derived volcanic and subvolcanic rocks. |
| Transform Plate Boundaries | A transform fault or transform boundary (also known as a conservative plate boundary |
| Divergent Plate Boundaires | divergent plate boundary in Science Expand. divergent plate boundary. A tectonic boundary where two plates are moving away from each other and new crust is forming from magma that rises to the Earth's surface between the two plates. |
| Convergent Plate Boundaries | In plate tectonics, a convergent boundary, also known as a destructive plate boundary (because of subduction), is an actively deforming region where two (or more) tectonic plates or fragments of the lithosphere move toward one another and collide. |
| Conduction | the process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature or of electrical potential between adjoining regions, without movement of the material. |
| Convection | the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat. |
| Radiation | the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization. |
| Plasma | the colorless fluid part of blood, lymph, or milk, in which corpuscles or fat globules are suspended. |
| Geomagnetic Reversals | A geomagnetic reversal is a change in a planet's magnetic field such that the positions of magnetic north and magnetic south are interchanged, while geographic north and geographic south remain the same. |
| Coriolis Effect | an effect whereby a mass moving in a rotating system experiences a force (the Coriolis force ) acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation. |
| Ophiolite | an igneous rock consisting largely of serpentine, believed to have been formed from the submarine eruption of oceanic crustal and upper mantle material. |
| GLobal Warming | a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants. |
| Plate Tectonics | a theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates that move slowly over the underlying mantle. |
| Doppler Effect | an increase (or decrease) in the frequency of sound, light, or other waves as the source and observer move toward (or away from) each other. |
| Mantle | the portion of the earth, about 1800 miles (2900 km) thick, between the crust and the core. |
| Seismograph | any of various instruments for measuring and recording the vibrations of earthquakes. |
| Seismic Waves | a wave of energy that is generated by an earthquake or other earth vibration and that travels within the earth or along its surface. |
| Sea-Floor Spreading | a process in which new ocean floor is created as molten material from the earth's mantle rises in margins between plates or ridges and spreads out. |
| Xenolith | a rock fragment foreign to the igneous rock in which it is embedded. |
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bpechal
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