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microbio -care
Micro lecture 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| catabolism | energy yeilding reactions, phototrophic and chemotrophic |
| anabolism | energy requiring reactions, building structures required for growth |
| macronutrients | nutrients required in large amounts |
| nutrients | monomers that the cells need for growth |
| micronutrients | nutrients required in small/trace amounts |
| What are the two major macronutrients? | carbon and nitrogen |
| What are all of the macronutrients? | carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, oxygen, calcium, sulfur, potassium, iron and magnesium |
| What is the importance of carbon in the cell? | ALL cells require carbon, and most prokaryotes require organic form of it, accounts for 50% of dry weight, important in protiens, nucleic acids, lipids and carbs |
| What is the importance of nitrogen in the cell? | nucleic acids, 12% dry mass, needed for protien production and many polysaccharides |
| what is the importance of phosphorous in the cell? | nucleic acids, phospholipids and energy conservation molecules |
| What is the importance of sulfur in the cell? | required for some amino acids and vitamins |
| What is the importance of potassium in the cell? | enzyme activites and synthesis |
| what is the importance of magnesium in the cell? | stabalize negatively charged molecules like protiens, nucleic acids and membranes, also required for some enzyme activity |
| What is the importance of calcium and sodium in the cell? | cell wall stabalization and sporulation, NOT needed by all cells |
| What is the importance of Iron in the cell? | macro of micro nutrients, major role in cellular respiration - its a key component of iron-sulfur protiens (electron transport), free iron is scarce, organisms use Siderophores to bind iron to cell, oxic conditions -> insoluble ferric-->soluble ferrous |
| What is the significance of Lactobacillus planarum and Borrelia burgdorferi? | They grow in total absence of iron, also Borrelia is causitive agent of lyme disease. |
| enterobactins? | structurally complex phenolic siderophores which have extremely high binding affinity for iron |
| What is the role of hyroxamate relating to iron in the cell? | it is used to get iron into the cell, the iron is released, the hydroxamate is excreted and used again for more iron transport |
| What two classes of macromolecules contain the bulk of nitrogen in the cell? | protiens and nucleic acids |
| growth factors | similar to micronutrients in that they are required in small amounts, ORGANIC compounds, required only by some cells |
| What are some examples of growth factors? | vitamins, amino acids and nucleotides |
| What is the difference between defined and complex media? | defined-everything in it is known and measured out-- compex-less specified, yeast extracts, cheaper very good for variety of growth |
| What is the difference between selective and differential plates? | selection only permits growth of a specific bacteria, while differential allows growth of a variety of bacteria but you are able to tell the difference between them due to pH indicators |
| What does MacConkey agar do and what is in it? | bile salts and crystal violet, contains lactose and pH indicators to differentiate lactpse fermentors |
| What does Eosin-Methylene blue agar have and what does it do? | contains EosinY which inhibits growth of gram +, E coli forms metallic green sheen |
| free energy | energy released from a reaction that can be used to do work |
| What does it mean if the change in free energy between the reactants and the products is NEGATIVE? | the reaction releases energy, which means it is an exergonic reaction |
| What if change in free energy is positive, what does that tell you? | The reaction is an endergonic reaction meaning it required energy to take place |
| What is the difference between change in G0' and change in G0?? | G0' occurs under standard conditions, while G0 occurs in actual conditions in nature |
| in general, are catabolic reactions exergonic or endergonic? | exergonic |
| Why won't combining oxygen and hydrogen gas together result in water formation? | it requires activation energy for the reaction to take place |
| enzymes | catalytic protiens, speed up rate of reactions by lowering activation energy, highly specific, do not change bioenergetics of the reaction |
| active site | site on the enzyme that affects catalysis |
| prosthetic group | part of active site, non-peptide molecule which is tightly bound to enzyme complex |
| coenzyme | non-peptide molecule lossly bound to enzyme complex, usually derived from vitamins |
| oxidation-reduction reaction | reactions which involve the transfer of electrons from electron donor to electron acceptor, donor is oxidized, acceptor is reduced |
| reduction potential | tendency of compound to accept or release electrons |
| In the formation of H2O what is the donor and what is the acceptor? | O is good acceptor, H is good donor |
| are protons good electon acceptors? | no because their reduction potentials are low |
| What is the role of NAD in a redox reaction? | many reactions require electon carriers, some are attached to membranes while others such as NAD are freely diffusible |
| What are some long-term energy storing molecules? | glycogen and elemental sulfur polymers |
Created by:
danivt122
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