Question 1

lithosphere

Accepted Answer

the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle

Question 2

asthenosphere

Accepted Answer

the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur

Question 3

magnetic field

Accepted Answer

a region around a magnetic material or a moving electric charge within which the force of magnetism acts

Question 4

hydrosphere

Accepted Answer

all the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds

Question 5

magnetosphere

Accepted Answer

the region surrounding the earth or another astronomical body in which its magnetic field is the predominant effective magnetic field

Question 6

atmosphere

Accepted Answer

the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.

Question 7

dynamo effect

Accepted Answer

a geophysical theory that explains the origin of the Earth's main magnetic field in terms of a self-exciting (or self-sustaining) dynamo

Question 8

continental drift hypothesis

Accepted Answer

First put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596 and was fully developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912 when he noticed that the shapes of continents on either side of the Atlantic Ocean seem to fit together (for example, Africa and South America)

Question 9

subduction zone

Accepted Answer

A subduction zone is the biggest crash scene on Earth. These boundaries mark the collision between two of the planet's tectonic plates.

Question 10

lamproites

Accepted Answer

are ultrapotassic mantle-derived volcanic and subvolcanic rocks

Question 11

transform plate boundaries

Accepted Answer

a type of fault whose relative motion is predominantly horizontal, in either a sinistral (left lateral) or dextral (right lateral) direction

Question 12

divergent plate boundaries

Accepted Answer

A tectonic boundary where two plates are moving away from each other and new crust is forming from magma that rises to the Earth's surface between the two plates

Question 13

convergent plate boundaries

Accepted Answer

an actively deforming region where two (or more) tectonic plates or fragments of the lithosphere move toward one another and collide

Question 14

conduction

Accepted Answer

the process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature or of electrical potential between adjoining regions, without movement of the material.

Question 15

convection

Accepted Answer

the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.

Question 16

radiation

Accepted Answer

the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization.

Question 17

plasma

Accepted Answer

an ionized gas consisting of positive ions and free electrons in proportions resulting in more or less no overall electric charge, typically at low pressures (as in the upper atmosphere) or at very high temperatures (as in stars)

Question 18

geomagnetic reversals

Accepted Answer

a change in a planet's magnetic field such that the positions of magnetic north and magnetic south are interchanged, while geographic north and geographic south remain the same

Question 19

coriolis effect

Accepted Answer

a mass moving in a rotating system experiences a force (the Coriolis force ) acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation.

Question 20

ophiolite

Accepted Answer

an igneous rock consisting largely of serpentine, believed to have been formed from the submarine eruption of oceanic crustal and upper mantle material

Question 21

global warming

Accepted Answer

a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants

Question 22

plate tectonics

Accepted Answer

a theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates that move slowly over the underlying mantle.

Question 23

doppler effect

Accepted Answer

an increase (or decrease) in the frequency of sound, light, or other waves as the source and observer move toward (or away from) each other. The effect causes the sudden change in pitch, as well as the redshift seen by astronomers

Question 24

greenhouse effect

Accepted Answer

the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface

Question 25

mantle

Accepted Answer

The region of the interior of the Earth between the core (on its inner surface) and the crust (on its outer)

Question 26

seismograph

Accepted Answer

an instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration

Question 27

seismic waves

Accepted Answer

an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means

Question 28

sea- floor spreading

Accepted Answer

the formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at midocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side

Question 29

xenolith

Accepted Answer

a piece of rock within an igneous rock that is not derived from the original magma but has been introduced from elsewhere, especially the surrounding country rock

1/03/17 flashcards

Earth and Space science terms

Term	Definition
lithosphere	the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle	<img src=" alt="Image result for lithosphere"/>
asthenosphere	the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur	<img src=" alt="Image result for asthenosphere"/>
magnetic field	a region around a magnetic material or a moving electric charge within which the force of magnetism acts	<img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAkGBxMTEhUTEhMWFRUXFRcXFRcYGBUVFxcYFRgWFhgXFxgYHSggGBolHRcXITEhJSkrLi4uGh8zODMtNygtLisBCgoKDg0OFxAQGiseHyUtLS0tLS0tLS0tKy0tKy0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLi0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLf/AABEIAMMBAgMBIg
hydrosphere	all the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds	<img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAkGBxMTEhUTExIVFhUXFxcYFxgYGBcaFxoXGhUXFxcYHhoYHCggGBsmHRcXITEhJSkrLi4uFx8zODMtNygtLi0BCgoKDg0OGxAQGy0lICYtLS0tLy0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLf/AABEIALsBDQMBEQ
magnetosphere	the region surrounding the earth or another astronomical body in which its magnetic field is the predominant effective magnetic field
atmosphere	the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.	<img src=" alt="Image result for atmosphere"/>
dynamo effect	a geophysical theory that explains the origin of the Earth's main magnetic field in terms of a self-exciting (or self-sustaining) dynamo	<img src=" alt="Image result for define dynamo effect"/>
continental drift hypothesis	First put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596 and was fully developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912 when he noticed that the shapes of continents on either side of the Atlantic Ocean seem to fit together (for example, Africa and South America)	<img src=" alt="Image result for continental drift"/>
subduction zone	A subduction zone is the biggest crash scene on Earth. These boundaries mark the collision between two of the planet's tectonic plates.	<img src=" alt="Image result for subduction zone"/>
lamproites	are ultrapotassic mantle-derived volcanic and subvolcanic rocks	<img src=" alt="Image result for lamproite"/>
transform plate boundaries	a type of fault whose relative motion is predominantly horizontal, in either a sinistral (left lateral) or dextral (right lateral) direction	<img src=" alt="Image result for t
divergent plate boundaries	A tectonic boundary where two plates are moving away from each other and new crust is forming from magma that rises to the Earth's surface between the two plates	<img src=" alt="Image result for divergent boundary"/>
convergent plate boundaries	an actively deforming region where two (or more) tectonic plates or fragments of the lithosphere move toward one another and collide
conduction	the process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature or of electrical potential between adjoining regions, without movement of the material.
convection	the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.
radiation	the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization.
plasma	an ionized gas consisting of positive ions and free electrons in proportions resulting in more or less no overall electric charge, typically at low pressures (as in the upper atmosphere) or at very high temperatures (as in stars)
geomagnetic reversals	a change in a planet's magnetic field such that the positions of magnetic north and magnetic south are interchanged, while geographic north and geographic south remain the same
coriolis effect	a mass moving in a rotating system experiences a force (the Coriolis force ) acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation.
ophiolite	an igneous rock consisting largely of serpentine, believed to have been formed from the submarine eruption of oceanic crustal and upper mantle material
global warming	a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants
plate tectonics	a theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates that move slowly over the underlying mantle.	<img src=" alt="Image result for plate tectonics"/>
doppler effect	an increase (or decrease) in the frequency of sound, light, or other waves as the source and observer move toward (or away from) each other. The effect causes the sudden change in pitch, as well as the redshift seen by astronomers	<img src=" alt="Image result for doppler effect"/>
greenhouse effect	the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface	<img src=" alt="Image result for greenhouse effect"/>
mantle	The region of the interior of the Earth between the core (on its inner surface) and the crust (on its outer)	<img src="
seismograph	an instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration	<img src=" alt="Image result for seismograph"/>
seismic waves	an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means	<img src=" alt="Image result for seismic waves"/>
sea- floor spreading	the formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at midocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side	<img src=" alt="Image result for seafloor spreading"/>
xenolith	a piece of rock within an igneous rock that is not derived from the original magma but has been introduced from elsewhere, especially the surrounding country rock	<img src=" alt="Image result for xenolith"/>

"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries: