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Internal Structure
Internal Structure Vocab.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lithosphere | The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle. |
| Global Warming | A gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants. |
| Asthenosphere | The upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur. |
| Divergent Plate Boundaries | Most active divergent plate boundaries occur between oceanic plates and exist as mid-oceanic ridges. Divergent boundaries also form volcanic islands which occur when the plates move apart to produce gaps which molten lava rises to fill. |
| Plate Tectonics | A theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates that move slowly over the underlying mantle. |
| Magnetic Field | A region around a magnetic material or a moving electric charge within which the force of magnetism acts. |
| Convergent plate boundaries | Also known as a destructive plate boundary (because of subduction), is an actively deforming region where two (or more) tectonic plates or fragments of the lithosphere move toward one another and collide. |
| Doppler Effect | an increase (or decrease) in the frequency of sound, light, or other waves as the source and observer move toward (or away from) each other. |
| Hydrosphere | All the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds. |
| Conduction | the process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature or of electrical potential between adjoining regions, without movement of the material. |
| Greenhouse Effect | the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without its atmosphere. |
| Magnetosphere | The region surrounding the earth or another astronomical body in which its magnetic field is the predominant effective magnetic field. |
| Convection | The movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat. |
| Mantle | A layer between the crust and the outer core. |
| Atmosphere | An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a planet or other material body, that is held in place by the gravity of that body. |
| Radiation | the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization. |
| Seismograph | an instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration. |
| Dynamo Effect | a geophysical theory that explains the origin of the Earth's main magnetic field in terms of a self-exciting (or self-sustaining) dynamo. |
| Plasma | the colorless fluid part of blood, lymph, or milk, in which corpuscles or fat globules are suspended. |
| Seismic waves | an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means. |
| Continental drift hypothesis | The hypothesis that continents 'drift' was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596 and was fully developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912 when he noticed that the shapes of continents on either side of the Atlantic Ocean seem to fit together. |
| Geomagnetic reversals | a change in a planet's magnetic field such that the positions of magnetic north and magnetic south are interchanged, while geographic north and geographic south remain the same. |
| Sea-floor spreading | the formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at midocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side. |
| Subduction zone | the biggest crash scene on Earth. These boundaries mark the collision between two of the planet's tectonic plates. |
| Coriolis effect | an effect whereby a mass moving in a rotating system experiences a force (the Coriolis force ) acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation. |
| Xenolith | a piece of rock within an igneous rock that is not derived from the original magma but has been introduced from elsewhere, especially the surrounding country rock. |
| Lamproites | Are ultrapotassic mantle-derived volcanic and subvolcanic rocks. |
| Ophiolite | is a section of the Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed above sea level and often emplaced onto continental crustal rocks. |
| Transform Plate Boundaries | A transform fault or transform boundary is a type of fault whose relative motion is predominantly horizontal, in either a sinistral or dextral direction. |
Created by:
Jesse_Hammer
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