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7A Midterm Review
7th Midterm Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the prefix KILO mean? | 1000 |
| What is the last step of the scientific method? | Draw conclusions |
| What phase of matter would be the best conductor of heat/electricity and why? | Solids because the particles are very close together |
| Solids have a ______________shape and ________________ volume. | Definite and definite |
| Liquids have a ___________ shape and a _______________ volume. | indefinite and definite |
| Gases and plasma have a _________________ shape and a __________ volume. | Indefinite and indefinite |
| The phase of matter that is free to spread out evenly in its container is | GAS |
| Name some examples of physical changes. | melting, freezing, condensation, vaporization, deposition, sublimation, cutting paper, chopping wood |
| Physical changes are changes in | SIZE, SHAPE, OR STATE! |
| A chemical change has happened IF ___________ | A NEW SUBSTANCE HAS BEEN CREATED |
| Name some examples of chemical changes | burning, rusting, decomposing, cooking |
| A ______ is a homogeneous mixture. | SOLUTION |
| What is a mixture? | Mixtures are substances combined in no set ratio THAT CAN BE SEPARATED BY PHYSICAL MEANS |
| Energy levels that surround the nucleus hold certain numbers of _________________. | electrons |
| Lewis structure (also called Dot Diagrams) are used to show the number of | VALENCE ELECTRONS |
| Horizontal rows on the Periodic Table are called | PERIODS |
| Vertical columns on the Periodic Table are called | Groups or Families |
| What is true about members of the same family? | They have the same number of valence electrons so they behave alike in chemical reactions |
| Name some properties of nonmetals. | They are brittle, poor conductors that are found to the right of the zig-zag line on the P.T. |
| Name some properties of metals. | They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors. They are found to the left of the zig-zag line on the P.T. |
| How is the mass number calculated? | By adding the protons and the neutrons. |
| What type of chemical bond exists if electrons are shared? | Covalent |
| What type of chemical bond exists if electrons are transferred? | Ionic |
| How many electrons are needed in the valence shell for stability? | EIGHT! |
| When naming ionic compounds, how do we change the name of the nonmetal? | We give it an IDE ending. |
| What is special about the Noble Gas Family? | They all have full valence shells so they do not react chemically with other elements. |
| What is a solution? | When one substance is dissolved into another |
| A solute is the | Substance being dissoved |
| A solvent is the | Substance doing the dissolving |
| What is a saturated solution? | A solution that is holding the normal amount of solute at that temperature |
| Supersaturated means | holding more solute than normal for that temp |
| Unsaturated means | holding less solute than normal for that temp |
| Increasing the surface area of solute being touched by the solvent has what effect? | speeds the rate of solution |
| Name the 2 ways to keep a gas solute dissolved in a liquid solvent. (Think of pop) | Keep temp low and pressure high (keep top on pop) |
| Define dilute and concentrated. | Dilute is a weak solution. Concentrated is a strong solution. |
| How does adding solute to solvent change its freezing and boiling point? | Raises the boiling point and lowers the freezing point. |
| Define the word SOLUBILITY. | Solubility is the amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent at a given temperature. |
| Name 3 ways to make a solid solute dissolve faster in a liquid solvent. | HEAT, CRUSH, STIR |
| An acid produces what type of ion in solutions? | Hydronium. Written as H3O+ or H+ This program cannot do subscripts or superscripts! |
| A base produces what type of ion in solutions? | Hydroxide. Written as OH- This program cannot do subscripts or superscripts! |
| What is an indicator (like Phenolphthalein) used for? | It turns color in the presence of an acid or base |
| When an acid and a base are mixed you get a | salt and water |
| Bitter taste and slippery feel would be clues that a solution was a | BASE |
| Sour taste and low pH would indicate a(n) | ACID |
| pH stands for | Percent hydronium |
| A pH of 1-3 would indicate a | strong acid |
| A pH of 4-6 would indicate a | weak acid |
| A pH of 7 is | Neutral |
| A pH of 8-10 would indicate a | weak base |
| A pH of 11-14 would indicate a | strong base |
| What is air resistance? | The upward force on a falling object |
| In the absence of air resistance all objects fall ______ | AT THE SAME RATE! |
| What is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth? | 9.8 meters per second squared |
| Name all 3 of Newton's Laws. | Law One is Inertia. Law Two is F= M x A. Law Three is that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. |
| When an object moves in a circular path, it accelerates toward the center of a circle as a result of | CENTRIPETAL FORCE |
| The path of a projectile is always | curved. |
| Gravity depends on what two factors? | Mass and Distance |
| As distance increases, gravity ________ | DECREASES |
| Momentum is dependent on _____________ and __________________ | Mass and velocity. ( In other words.... how big something is and how fast it is going) |
| What is the Law of Conservation of Momentum? | The total momentum of a closed system remains unchanged after a collision because the momentum is TRANSFERRED |
| Why is the Periodic Table useful? | Because if you know where something is located on the table you can determine if it is likely to react at all and who it is likely to react with!! |
| Plasma is most similar to what other state of matter? | Gas because they both have no definite shape or volume |
Created by:
cwalczak
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