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Enr201-Exm2-OSU
ENR 201 @ OSU with B Lower.. Material for Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fuel for Nuclear Power Plants | Uranium |
| Type of Energy Nucler Power Plants Use | Nuclear Fission |
| Type of Star the Sun is? | Yellow Dwarf Star |
| Sun's type of power? | Nuclear Fusion |
| Color of burning sun? | White |
| Ecological Pyramids | shows the flow of energy through trophic levels. As one goes up the food chain the amount of energy available at the top is considerably less than the starting point. |
| Lots of small producers vs size of herbivores. | Lots of producers mean more large herbivores, but this is unique to certain ecosystems. |
| Ecological Controls on Primary Productivitiy | Light, Carbon Dioxide, Air Temperature, Nutrients and Water, Topography, Herbivore Consumption, and Anthropogenic Disturbances |
| Trophic Cascades | Trophic Cascades The interactions of different trophic levels in an ecosystem mean that changes in one level can affect all other trophic levels. |
| What ecosystems have in common is | 1. flow of energy 2. cycling of chemical elements. |
| Primary Producers | autotrophs (self-nourishing organisms). Photosynthetic cyanobacteria, plants, algae. As well as chemosynthetic organisms (e.g., sulfur-oxidizing bacteria) that oxidize reduced inorganic compounds to obtain energy. |
| Ecological Succession | Process by which an ecosystem matures. |
| Primary vs Secondary Succession | Primary is succession to an area previously devoid of life. |
| Dynamic Equilibrium of an Ecosystem | The property of continual adjustment to change, maintaining an overall balance. Ecosystems respond to changing conditions in a way to preserve an overall pattern of plant animal and microbial life |
| What factors maintain equilibrium? | Feedbacks, Species Interaction, Population dymanics |
| positive feedback | an output that promotes a trend |
| negative feedback | an output that interfered with a trend |
| Ecosystem Degredation | Anthropogenic (human induced) alteration of an environment in such a way that it exceeds the tolerance for one or more organisms |
| Types of ecosystem degredation | Damage, Disruption, Destruction, Desertification, Deforestation |
| Ecosystem Damage | an averse alteration of a natural systems integrity (pollution) |
| 4 factors that determine pollutant damage | 1. Efx of pollutant. 2. how it enters the environment. 3. Quantity discharged. 4. Persistance of the pollutant |
| Acute Pollution Effects | Occur immediately upon introduction of a pollutant |
| Chronic Pollutant Effects | Occur years after the introduction of a pollutant |
| Bioaccumulation | Accumulation of chemicals more than are naturally present in the environment |
| Biomagnification | Increased amount of chemicals as trophic levels increase |
| Cross Media Pollution | Pollutants that move from one medium (air water etc) to another (IE acid rain, leached toxic metals) |
| Ecosystem Disruption | a human induced rapid change of the species composition of an ecosystem |
| Ecosystem Destruction | the human conversion of a biodiverse ecosystem (ie wetland, rainforest) to a less complex system (ie farm) |
| Ecosystem Desertification | Land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry subhumid regions resulting from human impact (destruction of deserts, savannas, grasslands, shrublands, woodlands). |
| Ecosystem Deforestation | Ecosystem degredation by cutting down trees. |
| Frontier Forests | Large forests untouched by human activities (mostly) |
| Fragmented Forests | A patchwork of crop land, little forests, and logging roads that reduce the biodiversity of forests. |
| % of rainforest lost each year | 4 |
| Population Ecology | A branch of biology that deals with populations of species (why they increase, decrease) |
| How populations are measured | # of people, birth rate, doubling time |
| population increase = | (births + immigration) - (deaths + emmigration) |
| growth rate = | crude birth rate - crude death rate |
| crude life/death rate | live births or deaths per 1000 people |
| population doubling time = | 70 (divided by) annual rate of growth in percent |
| Factors that affect growth rates | fertility, age distribution, migration |
| general fertility rates = | (# live births) / 1000 women |
| replacement fertility | the # of children a couple must produce to replace each parent (lower in more dev countries) |
| # of plants that supply 75% of human nutrition | eight |
| top 4 staple foods | wheat, rice, corn, potatoes |
| food and earth's production | only 11% of earth's ice free land surface can produce food easily |
Created by:
neill89
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