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2016 Semester 1
Final Exam Review (2016 Semester 1)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Starting with the layer humans live on, what are the 4 main layers of Earth? | Crust, Mantle, Outer core, Inner core (Remember CMOI = cats meow on ice!) |
| What layers of Earth are solid? | crust, mantle, and inner core |
| What is the only liquid layer of Earth? | Outer core |
| Which layers of Earth are made up of rock? | crust and mantle |
| Which layers of Earth are made up of metal? | outer core and inner core |
| What metals are the outer and inner core made up of? | Iron and nickel |
| Which layer of Earth is the hottest? | Inner core |
| Which layer of Earth is the coolest? | Crust |
| What happens to pressure and temperature as you travel deeper into the center of the Earth? | Pressure and temperature both increase. |
| Which layer of Earth experiences the highest pressure? | Inner core |
| Why is the inner core solid? | The inner core experiences a lot of pressure pushing in on it, which causes it to be turned into a solid. |
| What is Earth's magnetic field? | The invisible force field surrounding Earth. |
| How is Earth's magnetic field formed? | Inner core and outer core spinning in opposite directions is what scientists think cause Earth's magnetic field. |
| Why is Earth's magnetic field so important to humans? (Two reasons) | 1. It helps protect Earth from solar wind 2. It makes compasses work |
| How do scientists know what the inside of the Earth looks like if we've never dug to the center of the Earth? (Two ways) | 1. Scientists study the pattern of Earthquake shock waves (called seismic waves) 2. Scientists study rocks that came out of volcanoes (those rocks were originally found in the mantle!) |
| How has the land on Earth changed over time? | Millions of years ago, there was only one landmass (called Pangaea). Today, we have 7 separate large landmasses called continents. Millions of years in the future, scientists think the land may move back together and form one landmass again. |
| What is the continental drift theory? | Parts of Earth's crust, called tectonic plates, do not stay in place. They are constantly moving and shifting position because of convection currents in the mantle. |
| What evidence supports the continental drift theory? (4 things) | 1. Continents = puzzle pieces that fit together 2. Fossils of the same species found on different continents separated by an ocean. 3. Mountains with the same shape found on different continents separated by an ocean. 4. Glacier evidence on Africa |
| What is Pangaea | The supercontinent that existed millions of years ago. |
| What are tectonic plates | Pieces of Earth's crust that move in different directions |
| How many tectonic plates does Earth have? | 15 |
| What causes tectonic plates to move? | Convection currents in the mantle |
| What are the three types of tectonic plate boundaries? | Convergent, divergent, and transform |
| What type of landform or event is found at convergent boundaries? | Mountains |
| What type of landform or event is found at divergent boundaries? | Volcanoes |
| What type of landform or event is found at transform boundaries? | Earthquakes |
| How do the two tectonic plates move at a convergent boundary? | Plates move towards each other |
| How do the two tectonic plates move at a divergent boundary? | Plates move away from each other |
| How do the two tectonic plates move at a transform boundary? | Plates rub against each other in opposite directions |
| How can fossils of sea life be found at the top of mountains? | The land that formed the mountain used to be underwater (convergent boundaries push up mountains) |
| How does Mesosaurus help support continental drift? | Fossils of Mesosaurus were found on South America and Africa, but Mesosaurus was a freshwater reptile. Since Mesosaurus couldn't have swam across the ocean, South America and Africa must have been connected at one time. |
| What process from the rock cycle will create an igneous rock? | Melting, followed by cooling and hardening of lava/magma. |
| What process from the rock cycle will create a metamorphic rock? | Heat and pressure |
| What process from the rock cycle will create a sedimentary rock? | Weathering and erosion, followed by deposition, compaction, and cementation. |
| What type of rock is formed from volcanoes? | Igneous rock. |
| What type of rock contains fossils? | Sedimentary rock. |
| What is lava? | Molten (liquefied) rock found on the top of Earth's crust. |
| What is magma? | Molten (liquefied) rock found underneath Earth's crust. |
| What is the difference between lava and magma? | Lava can be seen (found on the outside of volcanoes), magma can't be seen (found on the inside of volcanoes beneath Earth's crust). |
| How does an intrusive igneous rock form? | Intrusive = inside the Earth. This rock forms when magma beneath Earth's crust cools and hardens slowly. |
| How does an extrusive igneous rock form? | Extrusive = outside the Earth This rock forms when lava on the top of Earth's crust cools and hardens quickly. |
Created by:
buchmanj
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