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Science Mid-Term

QuestionAnswer
What is the definition of Atomic Number? The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
What do the elements on the periodic table increase by? Atomic Numbers
What is the definition of Nucleus? Protons (positive) + neutrons (neutral)
What is the definition of Atomic Mass? The number of protons plus neutrons
What is the definition of Electrons? Negatively charged and move around the nucleus.
What are the layers of the Earth in order from thickest to thinnest? Thick to thin: Mantle, outer core, inner core, crust
What are the layers of the Earth in order from outside to inside? Outside to inside: Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
What does the crust float on? And why? The crust floats on the mantle because it is less dense.
What is the composition of the Crust? Crust: earth’s surface and continental/oceanic plates; where we live
What is the composition of the Mantle Molten rock
What is the composition of the Outer Core? liquid nickel and iron
What is the composition of the Inner Core? solid nickel and iron
What are the four Earth systems? Geosphere,Hydrosphere,Atmosphere, and Biosphere.
What is the definition of the Geosphere? Earth's surface and interior.
What is the definition of the Hydrosphere? all water on Earth.
What is the definition of the Atmosphere? layer of gasses around Earth.
What is the definition of the Biosphere? all living things on Earth.
How do Geologists know about Earth's interior? Because of seismic waves
What is the definition of Mechanical Weathering? Mechanical: Physical break down; examples: roots breaking rock, water freezing and expanding to break rock.
What is the definition of Chemical Weathering? Chemical: chemically breaks down/changes the substance; examples: acidic water dissolving rock.
What is the definition of Erosion? Transport of weathered material; examples: carving a canyon by running water, formation of underground caverns by water, landslide.
What are the soil layers called? Horizons
What are minerals in soil determined by? Parent Material
What are Minerals? Minerals are made of crystals.
What are Rocks? Rocks are made up of minerals.
What are the mineral properties/characteristics? Hardness, Luster, Color, Streak, Cleavage/fracture, and Density.
What is Igneous? Igneous: formed when magma/lava cools and hardens
What is Metamorphic? Metamorphic: formed through heat and pressure
What is Sedimentary? Sedimentary: formed through weathering/erosion and then compaction/cementation
What do topographic maps show? Elevation
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