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Systems Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Open System | A system where both matter and energy are exchanged |
| Closed System | A system where energy is exchanged but not matter. |
| Isolated System | A system where neither energy not matter is exchanged |
| System | An assemblage of parts and their relationships form a whole |
| Negative Feedback | Dampens effects and promotes return to stability |
| Positive Feedback | Amplifies change and leads to deviation from stability |
| Steady State Equilibrium | Maintains a stable system due to constant flow of input and out puts |
| Static Equilibrium | Always in balance, no input or out puts |
| Stable Equilibrium | Returns to balance after disturbance |
| Unstable Equilibrium | Achieves new balance after disturbance |
| First Law of Thermodynamics | Energy is neither created nor destroyed, only converted |
| Second Law of Thermodynamics | Entropy increases, energy is dispersed as it moves through a system |
| Gross Primary Productivity | The total gain in energy or biomass per unit area per unit time by green plants. Energy created by green plants in photosynthesis. GPP = NPP = R |
| Net Primary Productivity | The total gain in energy or biomass per unit area per unit time by green plants after losses to respiration. NPP = GPP - R |
| K-strategist | Grow and mature slowly, produced few large offspring, stable environments |
| r-strategist | Grow and mature quickly, produced many small offspring, disturbed new environments |
| Trophic Levels | An organism's feeding position in an ecosystem (producer, primary, secondary, tertiary consumer, decomposer) |
| Ecological Niche | Role a species has in an ecosystem |
| Two Major Climatic Factors | Temperature and Precipitation |
| Tropical Rainforest Biome | Located along the equator. High levels of biodiversity, lots of trees causing stratification, allowing little light to reach forest floor. Many different niches and habitats. High productivity. |
| Desert Biome | North and South of equator, Very few species and low biodiversity, as only a few organisms are adapted to the harsh conditions. Plants and animals adapted to drought conditions. Low productivity due to low water and limited plant growth. |
| Tundra Biome | South of the arctic ice cap. No trees, but many low-growing plants that are adapted to avoid drying out. Animals adapted to reduce heat loss with thick fur and small ears. Ecosystems contain few species, results in low biodiversity. Very low productivity. |
| Producer | Make their own food. Produce all of the energy for an ecosystem through photosynthesis |
| Consumer | Must eat other organisms to survive. Eat producers and other consumers, and pass on energy to successive trophic levels |
| Decomposer | Live on decaying organisms and recycle nutrients back into the soil to be used by the producers. |
| Pyramid of Numbers | Represents number of individuals present at each trophic level |
| Pyramid of Biomass | Represents amount of biomass present at each trophic level |
| Biotic Factors | Living components of an ecosystem |
| Abiotic Factors | Non-living (physical) components of an ecosystem |
| S-Population Curve | Exponential growth stage, transitional phase, and plateau phase |
| J-Population Curve | Only exponential growth stage |
| Biodiversity | Amount of biological or living diversity per unit area, consists of species, habitat, and genetic diversity. |
| Species Diversity | The variety o f species per unit area |
| Habitat Diversity | The range of different habitats in an ecosystem |
| Genetic Diversity | Range of genetic material present in a gene pool or population of a species |
Created by:
Elikady
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