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Biology Textbook-Chapter 35
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An atom or small molecule with a positive or negative charge | Ion |
| the system where the brain and spinal cord is located | central nervous system |
| the portion of the nervous system that lies outside the brain and spinal cords;includes nerves and ganglia | Peripheral nervous system |
| Refers to a cell that responds to stimuli by generating an electrical signal at the cell membrane | Excitable |
| A cell that receives signals from the neuron or a hormone | target cell |
| The portion of the neuron containing the nucleus and organelles;also called the soma | cell body |
| Another word for cell body | soma |
| A long, thin cytoplasm process that extends from a neuron's cell body | Axon |
| A junction between a neuron and its target | Synapses |
| The first portion, or initial segment, of the axon | Axon Hillock |
| A branch of an axon | Axon Collaterals |
| The bulbous ending of a branch of an axon;also called synaptic ending | axon terminal |
| Support cells within the peripheral nervous system | Schwann cells |
| The insulation surrounding axons;formed by support cells that wrap repeatedly around an axon | Myelin sheath |
| Negatively charged ions | Anion |
| Positively charged ions | Cation |
| Integral proteins containing watery pores through which ions pass to cross the cell membrane | ion channels |
| Extracellular fluid located outside the cells | ECF |
| the characteristic of a cell membrane that permits some particles to cross it, but prevents other particles from crossing | Selective permeability |
| The characteristic of a cell membrane that permits particles such as ion to pass from one side of the membrane to another | Permeability |
| Ion channels that are operated or closed by gates | gated channels |
| The difference in the concentration of a particular substance between two adjacent areas | concentration gradient |
| An electrical force across a cell membrane that results from the seperation on charged particles across that membrane | electrical potential |
| Another term for electrical potential | voltage |
| The messages carried by the nervous system are electrical signals called impulse | Neurons |
| The combined electrical or chemical forces on an ion. | Electrochemical gradient |